【摘要】 对沙坡头人工固沙区的不同地表及植物表面温度进行观测研究 ,结果表明 :在不同沙漠地表类型中 ,地表温度最高且变化幅度最大的为地表结皮 ,其次为流沙。在不同的植被类型中 ,草本植物的表面温度较灌木植物高。上述观测结果对于进一步探讨沙漠地区生态结构和能量变化规律具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Desertification means the land degradation caused by many factors including the natural factors, such as the climate change, changes of soils, geologic, morphologic, vegetation, and hydrological conditions, and the impacts of artificial factors, such as the increase of human activities in the arid, semiarid and semihumid regions. Therefore, many researchers study the relationship between the desertification and the environmental factors, such as the atmospheric, soil, vegetation and hydrological conditions. Recently, along with the further development of regeneration ecology, the feedback effects of artificial vegetation to the desert environment are paid more and more attention to. Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station (37°32′N, 105°02′E, 1 339 m a.s.l.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, is located in a place about 20 km west from the Zhongwei County Town, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In this paper, a study on the daily temperature change on the different ground surfaces and the plant surfaces in the different artificial sand-fixing areas is carried out at the station. The study area is located in the southeastern marginal zone of the Tengger Desert, the annual, extremely minimum and maximum temperatures here are 9.6 ℃, -25.1 ℃ and 38.1 ℃ respectively, the annual sunshine duration is 3 264.7 hours, the average wind speed is 2.9 m/s, and the annual precipitation and evaporation are 186.6 mm and over 3 000 mm respectively. The measured results show that the ground surface temperature and its change amplitude are the highest on the microbiotic crusts, then on the mobile dunes. The surface temperature of herbages is higher than that of shrubs. Before sunrise and after sundown, the surface temperature of the plants growing luxuriantly is higher than that of the plants with poor growing status, which reveals that the plant surface temperature is closely related to the plant growing status, and the evapotranspiration of plants is closely related to the plant surface temperature.更多还原