【摘要】 中国是大豆的故乡,曾经是世界上最主要的大豆生产国和出口国。如今,中国的大豆生产量已从世界首位降到美国、巴西之后,由大豆出口国变为大豆进口国,其主要的原因之一是中国大豆生产未能有效的控制大豆孢囊线虫的危害,以致中国大豆平均单产处于较低水平。大豆孢囊线虫(Soybean Cyst Nematode, 简称SCN)是一种土传的定居性内寄生线虫,大豆孢囊线虫的二龄幼虫从根尖处侵入根部,造成根组织的代谢失调与组织损伤,受害的大豆根系短粗,植株矮小,叶片变黄,产量严重降低。SCN的特点是分布广、危害重、寄主范围宽、传播途径多,存活时间长,防治极难。SCN危害已遍及中国大豆主要生产区,主要分布在我国的东北大豆主产区的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古及黄淮海大豆主产区的山东、河北、山西、安徽、河南、北京等省市,每年SCN发生面积达150万hm2以上。本文综述了近年来我国在大豆孢囊线虫研究方面取得的进展,主要包括以下几个方面:SCN生理小种的研究、SCN抗性资源发掘、SCN经典遗传及分子遗传学研究及SCN抗性育种等研究进展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean is originated from China, it is well known that China had also been the major soybean producer and exporter in the world ever before, nowadays China ranks behind in USA and Brazil in the amount of soybean products and become net importing country. One of the mainly reasons for the above is that soybean cyst nematode (SCN) could not controlled effectively in the China major soybean producing regions, which resulting in the average yield per mu in the low level. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is one kind of soil sedentary endoparasitic nematodes and one of the most important parasites of soybean. The second-stage juvenile of SCN penetrates soybean roots and causes root tissue injury and metabolism maladjustment, soybean infected by SCN normally exhibit that the root become short and thick, plant dwarfs, color of the leaf turns yellow, and the yield of soybean is dramatically reduced. The characteristics of SCN are widely distributing, heavy harmful, broad host spectrum, multiple prevalent pathway, long lifespan and difficult prevention and cure. SCN has already spread all over in the major soybean cultivating regions of China, the total area of SCN infected soybean are up to 1.5 million hm2 every year, which mainly distributes in northeast soybean cultivating regions such as Helongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia and Huanghuaihai soybean cultivating regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui, Henan and Beijing. In this paper we reviewed recent research progresses in the field of Soybean cyst nematode in China which mainly included as following aspects: Studies on soybean cyst nematode physiological races, mining soybean germplasms resistance to SCN, inheritance of soybean resistant to SCN both on classical and molecular levels, and SCN resistant breeding.更多还原