【摘要】 森林林冠对大气降水的再分配是水分输入森林的第一个环节,其过程涉及到森林生态、森林水文、森林气象及水土保持等诸多方面 热带地区森林林冠水文研究有其自身的特点,也存在着很多问题 对热带地区林冠降水截留、穿透降雨和树干径流的研究进展和现状进行简要概括,总结其中得到认可的规律性认识和依然存在的争议,以期对热带地区森林林冠水文生态效应有个较为正确和全面的认识 需要在热带地区林冠降水再分配研究中加以关注的方面包括:(1)附生植物、大型藤本植物、板根、不定根等热带雨林特有现象在水量和降水化学元素输入与分配中的作用;(2)对热带雨林以外的其他森林类型的林冠截留降水过程的研究;(3)对林冠降水再分配各过程的更为精确的数学表述,或改进现有的机理模型使其能够更为准确的反映各森林类型的降水再分配过程;(4)对热带美洲、热带亚洲和热带非洲森林林冠降水再分配的全景式了解和认识更多还原

【Abstract】 The partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall,stemflow and water intercepted is the first step as rainfall falling in forest ecosystems and is of hydrological and ecological significance. The research work in the tropical forests has its own characteristics compared with the temperate forests,and the knowledge in measurements,influencing factors and modelling is still limited in this field. This review tries to summarize our current understanding of the partitioning of gross rainfall and many disagreements involved in it, and to get a relative comprehensive knowledge of hydrological and ecological effect of the forest canopies in the tropics. More research works are needed to focus on:(1)the effect of some phenomena in tropical rainforest,such as epiphyte,liane and buttress on water and nutrient input of rainfall;(2) reports on the gross rainfall and its partitioning of other forest types in the tropics, for instance ever-green forests,sparse forests,plantations,agroforests and cropping systems;(3) mathematic expression of the process of interception, stemflow and throughfall,or modification of the former models to fit different tropical forest types;and (4) whole understanding or view of the partitioning of gross rainfall in tropical America,tropical Asia and tropical Africa.更多还原