【摘要】 【目的】　了解武汉市学龄前儿童气质类型 ,探讨其影响因素。　【方法】　采用随机整群抽样的方法 ,抽取武汉市 115 0名 3～ 7岁儿童为研究对象 ,应用《3～ 7岁儿童气质测查问卷》和自制的相关因素问卷对儿童气质和有关因素进行调查。　【结果】　母亲孕期被动吸烟、情绪紧张和产后焦虑 ,儿童早产、出生时窒息、高热史 ,长辈的教育方式不一致等易导致儿童出现麻烦型气质 ;而核心家庭、母亲性格外向的儿童则较少出现麻烦型气质。　【结论】　生物学因素和家庭环境因素影响学龄前儿童气质类型 ,良好的围生期保健 ,和谐、稳定的家庭环境及正确的教育方式有利于儿童身心健康发展更多还原

【Abstract】 To understand the types of temperament of preschool children and explore the related factors. 1 150 children of 3～7 years old were involved from 3 kindergartens in Wuhan city by random cluster sampling. National 3～7 years old children’s temperament scale and related factors of temperament questionnaire were used to survey all of the children. Several risk factors of difficult temperament type had been identified such as second hand smoke during pregnancy, postpartum anxiety/depression, premature delivery, asphyxia of newborn,hyperpyrexia and inconsistent educational mode.Nuclear family,mother’s extroversion character seemed to decrease the risk of difficult temperament type. [Conclusion] The types of temperament of preschool children were significantly effected by biological factors and family environment and appropriate educational mode contributed greatly to healthy development of children.更多还原