【摘要】 人类活动强度的定量评价是分析人类活动对水循环演化影响的基础,也是寻找流域生态环境退化原因的依据。针对黑河流域人类活动对水循环演化影响的特点,选择人口、耕地面积、水库总数、引水渠总长度和开采井总数等因子作为衡量人类活动强度的指标,采用指数加权法定量表达人类活动强度,据此计算的上、中、下游的人类活动强度分别为1％、87％和12％,说明中游人类活动强度最大,对水循环的影响也最大;上游人类活动强度很弱,可以认为上游水循环的演化只受自然因素的影响。而下游人类活动强度较上游大得多,说明影响下游水循环演化的因素中当地人类活动的作用不可忽视。计算的中游平原张掖地区近50年来3个阶段即20世纪50年代、60～70年代和80～90年代的人类活动强度分别为18％、28％和54％,80～90年代人类活动强度是50年代的3倍,60～70年代的2倍。人类活动强度经过50年代和60～70年代2个时段的发展和积累,到80～90年代达到最大,因此,这时段人类活动对水循环的影响也最大。研究方法对类似地区或相似问题具有借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quantitative assessment of human activity intensity was a basis of analyzing impacts of human activity on evolution of hydrological cycle, and also a basis of finding ecological environment deterioration in the catchment. Population, cultivated land area, total reservoir amount, total channel length and total extraction well amount were selected as indexes of measuring it, and method of weighted index was applied to quantitatively express it, based on the characteristics of impacts of human activities on hydrological cycle in the Heihe catchment. Human activity intensity calculated by this method was 1%, 87% and 12% in the upper, the middle,the lower reaches of the catchment, respectively, which indicated that the most human activity intensity was present in the middle reaches, and thus the most impact of human activity on hydrological cycle occurred in the middle reaches. Human activity intensity was very small in the upper reaches, so the evolution of hydrological cycle in the upper reaches was considered to be only affected by natural factors. However, human activity intensity was much larger in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches. Therefore, local human activities cant be ignored among influent factors of hydrological cycle evolution in the lower reaches considered. Human activity intensity was calculated to be 18%, 28% and 54% in three stages for past 50 years in Zhangye district in the middle plain, respectively. Human activity intensity of 1980’s-1990’s was 3 times as many as that of 1950’s and 2 times as many as that of 1960’s-1970’s, respectively. The most human activity intensity was present in 1980’s-1990’s via development and accumulation of 1950’s and 1960’s-1970’s. Therefore, human activities in 1980’s-1990’s had the most impact on hydrological cycle. The study method had reference meaning for similar areas or resemble issue.更多还原