【摘要】 环境磁学方法问世 2 0多年来 ,因其快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大的特点 ,在环境研究中得到广泛的应用。磁学方法可用于传统的污染分析技术 (化学 )之前的预研究 ,而后者一般耗费大量人力、物力和时间 ;它也可以作为环境污染评估的代用指标。近年来 ,随着世界环境污染问题的日益严重和倍受关注 ,磁学方法被广泛地应用于环境污染研究。欧洲环境磁学专家在重建污染历史、监测现代环境污染、追踪与分离污染源等方面 ,开展了大量的工作 ,并积累了一定的经验。介绍了磁学方法用于污染研究的显著特点、主要用途、野外工作方法以及相关仪器 ;展示了在大气、土壤、潮滩、河流、湖泊以及海洋等不同环境系统中 ,利用磁手段研究污染的成果和最新进展 ;对于一些难点、热点问题 ,如磁性机理的研究、多源污染的分离、强烈多变的人类活动对获取有意义磁讯号的影响等 ,做了相应的分析和总结更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advantage of fast, sensitive, inexpensive, nondestructive measurement, magnetic methods can be used as a preliminary method of studying pollution effects before starting time consuming and expensive chemical methods. Magnetic parameters such as low field magnetic susceptibility also can provide a proxy method of estimating increased pollution of different environmental systems. With more and more attention paid to environmental pollution problems, magnetic methods have been widely used and fast developed since the environmental magnetism was founded about 20 years ago. Recently, magnetic methods have been popularly applied to environmental pollution research, especially heavy metals contamination investigation in Europe. Lots of researches were done and plenty of experience was gained in reconstructing pollution history, monitoring present environmental pollution, tracing and separating the sources of pollution. In this paper, the advantages, principles and purposes of the magnetic methods are introduced. Some examples of different environmental systems, such as atmosphere, river, lake, harbor, coastal bank and so on, are given to prove the availability and effect of magnetic methods. A new soil profile kappameter SM400, which enables continuous real time measurements directly in the field, and a pocket size magnetic susceptibility meter SM30, which can measure sediments and rocks with extremely low level of magnetic susceptibility, are also reported in this paper as new instruments. Some difficult and key problems are analyzed and summarized, such as how to interpret magnetic mechanism, how to explain the correlation between magnetic parameters and heavy metals, how to separate individual pollution source from multiple pollutions, how to get meaningful magnetic signal from intensive anthropogenic activities. However, to develop well, new methods must be used to analyze and interpret the magnetic data and other related subjects must be imported to environmental magnetism.更多还原