【摘要】 基于水循环物理过程的分布式水文模型的研究和应用已经成为当前水文学研究的热点之一。本文应用大尺度分布式水文模型SVAT&HYCY ,选择黄河的主要支流洛河卢氏以上流域进行实例研究。根据 1990～ 1996年的资料进行的模拟结果表明 ,模型可以反映流域蒸散发的空间分布特征以及径流的形成过程。但是在模拟的径流值与实测值之间还有一些差异。这种差别一方面是因为实际径流包含了人类活动的影响 ,另一方面 ,空间插值方法是否准确反映模型的输入量 (特别是降水 )的空间分布特征也将影响模拟精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, great efforts have been made on distributed hydrological modeling It is believed that distributed hydrological model can describe the hydrological processes in more detail and more physically On the other hand, the rapid development of computer and information technology has turned distributed hydrological model from scientific concepts to application reality In this paper, we have applied the macro scale distributed hydrological model SVAT&HYCY to Lushi Basin, which is located at the upstream of Luohe River Firstly, we have established a graphic user interface integrated three major components including SVAT, HYCY and ROUTING With the support of GIS, the basin has been divided into 54 10km×10km grids based on 100×100m DEM Also, the Thissen method has been applied for spatial interpolation of meteorological data, such as precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, atmospheric pressure, vapor pressure and wind speed For the whole basin, data from three meteorological stations and 33 rain gauges have been used From the model, we have obtained evapotranspiration of the basin Comparing with precipitation patterns, we found that evapotranspiration is not only under the impact of precipitation but also influenced by terrain, land use and land cover, etc Furthermore, comparing the simulated runoff with observed one from 1990 to 1996, we found that in some years (1990, 1992,1994,1995 and 1996), the simulated runoff is quite close to the observed one However, in 1991 and 1993, the difference is quite significant The differences implied that the structure and parameters of the model may not fit with the real hydrological processes exactly On the other hand, the availability of model input, especially precipitation information, may also have great impact on the results Though there is still deficit in the distributed hydrological model, it has a bright future It is believed that with the development of GIS and RS, the distributed hydrological model will be improved widely.更多还原