【摘要】 用氢等离子体电弧反应法生成Al,Fe,Cu和Pb的纳米粉·对其纳米颗粒的形貌特征、成分、晶体结构和粒径等进行了实际测定·结果表明,均为单质晶体;Al的粒径分布较宽,在10～138nm左右,平均粒径75nm·Fe,Cu,Pb平均粒径分别是56nm,81nm,77nm·除α Fe为bcc结构外,其余3种均为fcc结构·同样的进氧量,进氧的快慢对纳米粉氧含量多少影响很大·如钝化6h的Al纳米粉,其氧的质量分数为5 9%左右,而钝化2h的Al纳米粉氧的质量分数为11 3%左右·Al纳米粉的X射线衍射结果与其余的不同,由于氧的溶入,使衍射峰发生分裂,虽然结构没变,但有部分粉末的点阵常数增大了0 0036nm·Al纳米粉形貌特征与其他粉体球型不同,而呈蝌蚪型·更多还原

【Abstract】 Producing nanopowders of Al, Fe, Cu and Pb by hydrogen plasma D.C.arc process and determining their morphologies, compositions, crystalline structures and particle sizes were studied. The results showed that they are all of monocrystals, among which the particle sizes of Al nanopowder distribute in a range from 10 to 138nm with 75nm on average, and the average size of Fe, Cu and Pb nanopowders are 56nm,81nm and 77nm, respectively. All of them are of fcc structure except α-Fe that is of bcc. When the volume of oxygen feed is the same, the feeding speed affects greatly the oxygen content of nanopowders. For example, the mass fraction of oxygen in Al nanopowder is about 5.9% after a passivation for 6h and about 11.3% for 2h. However, the result of X-ray diffraction analysis of Al nanopowder is different from that of others, because the oxygen is dissolved into Al nanopowder to split the diffraction peak. Thus, the lattice constant of part of powder particles increase by 0.0036nm, though their structures remain unchanged. Unlike the spherical shape of particles of other nanopowders, the tadpole-like morphology features the particles of Al nanopowder.更多还原