【摘要】 以Cu(NO3 ) 2 和NaOH为原料 ,以水合肼为还原剂 ,通过沉淀法在室温下制备了纳米Cu2 O .采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等手段对产物进行了表征 ,并用热分析法考察了不同形貌的纳米Cu2 O对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用 .结果表明 ,通过改变NaOH溶液的加入量可分别得到长针形和多边形的纳米Cu2 O .通过调节反应物浓度可以将纳米Cu2 O粒径控制在 19～ 6 8nm .不同形貌的纳米Cu2 O均能强烈催化高氯酸铵的热分解 ,其中分散性良好的多边形纳米Cu2 O的催化活性较高 ,添加 2 %的多边形纳米Cu2 O可使高氯酸铵的高温分解温度降低 10 3℃ ,分解放热量由 5 90J/g增至 135 0J/g.更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to obtain a more effective catalyst for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition, Cu 2O nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by the precipitation method at room temperature using Cu(NO 3) 2 and NaOH as the starting materials and hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. The as-prepared Cu 2O nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the catalytic performance of the Cu 2O nanocrystals of different morphology for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. The results indicate that the volume of the NaOH solution added is vital to the shape of the Cu 2O nanocrystals. Needle-shaped Cu 2O nanocrystals with a diameter of 20 nm can be obtained when the added volume of NaOH solution is high, and polygonal Cu 2O nanocrystals exceeding 40 nm can be prepared when the added volume of NaOH solution is low. With increasing concentration of the Cu(NO 3) 2 solution, the average particle size of the Cu 2O nanocrystals decreases from 68 to 19 nm. The XPS results show that the product is composed of Cu 2O. The Cu 2O nanocrystals of different morphology show strong catalytic effect on the ammonium perchlorate decomposition. Adding 2% of polygonal Cu 2O nanocrystals in ammonium perchlorate decreases the higher temperature of ammonium perchlorate decomposition by 103 ℃ and increases the exothermic quantity of decomposition from 590 to 1*!350 J/g .更多还原