【摘要】 根据上海市 1 998- 2 0 0 0年 NOx浓度监测数据 ,对其月变化、城乡差异进行分析。将 NOx 浓度最低、最高月份值与气象条件进行了对比。结果表明 ,NOx浓度年内月变化呈“U”型 ,在冬季出现最高值 ,夏、秋季较低。其原因主要是冬季稳定型气象条件出现频率高 ,不利于污染物扩散 ;夏、秋季则相反。应用 SPSS统计分析软件 ,对 NOx浓度与各气象要素进行相关分析。结果表明 ,NOx 浓度与风速有很强的负相关性 ,与气温、气压、太阳辐射等要素也有明显的相关性。在此基础上 ,提出了 NOx浓度的气象学预报模式。 NOx浓度城乡差异明显 ,城区高于郊区。因为 NOx的主要来源为机动车排放 ,集中于城区 ;另外郊区建筑物不像城区那么密集 ,扩散条件比较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper aims to make an analysis of the variation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in one month sphere, trying to find the difference in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in Shanghai between the downtown areas and the suburban ones. Based on the data the authors have collected and supervised for a three-year successive period from 1998 through 2000. In doing so, they have compared the meteorological conditions in the months in which the highest and lowest concentrations of nitrogen oxides take place. Our investigation results show that the curve with the concentration variation of the nitrogen oxides in a year proves to be like a letter ’U’. The highest concentration appears in the winter days while the lowest one—in summer or/and autumn. The reason for this is that, there are frequently stable meteorological conditions in winter, which may impede the diffusion of the pollutants. On the contrary, it is much easier for them to get diffused in summer and autumn due to the unstable weather conditions. The authors have also analyzed the correlation by using the SPSS statistical and analytical software, with the results indicating that the concentration of nitrogen oxides is most likely related to the wind speed in reverse. At the same time, it is also proves to be related to the air temperature, air pressure and solar energy radiation, etc. Based on these correlation analyses, this paper has put forward a meteorological prediction model by applying large quantities of data. That is, the obvious variation in the concentration of nitrogen oxides between the downtown and suburb areas proves to be quite obvious mainly because, on the one hand, the main source of nitrogen oxides is caused by the movement of the vehicles in downtown area, on the other hand, the buildings are denser in downtown area than in suburbs, therefore, pollutants are easier to diffuse in suburban areas than in downtown.更多还原