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生物慢滤技术用于农村饮水处理的研究

STUDY OF RURAL DRINKING WATER PROCESSING WITH BIO-SLOW SAND FILTRATION

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【作者】 刘玲花周怀东王卫红李文奇

【Author】 LIU Ling-hua~1, ZHOU Huai-dong~1, WANG Wei-hong~2, LI Wen-qi~1 (1 Department of Water Environment Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Yuyuantan Science and Technology Zone, Beijing 100038, China; 2 Institute of Shou Gang Science and Technology, Shijingshan District, P.O.Box 2511, Beijing 100041, China)

【机构】 中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所首钢工学院中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所 北京100038北京100038北京市石景山区2511信箱北京100041北京100038

【摘要】 研究了适用于我国农村的小型分散式饮水处理技术——生物慢滤技术。用玉渊潭引水渠的微污染河水模拟研究了滤料粒径、滤料高度等因素对生物慢滤处理效果的影响 ,以及生物慢滤池对农村水环境中常见的污染物如重金属、有机物、氨氮、浊度、细菌等的去除。实验结果表明 :1 )在滤料表面形成稳定成熟的生物粘膜所需的时间与滤料粒径有关 ;2 )滤料表面一旦形成稳定成熟的生物粘膜 ,氨氮、有机物、浊度等的去除率与滤料粒径关系不大 ;但细菌的去除效果与滤料粒径有很大的关系 ,滤料粒径越小 ,对细菌的去除效果越好。 3)滤料高度对有机物、氨氮的处理效果有一定的影响 ,但慢滤池对这些污染物的去除主要发生在 50 cm高度内 ;4)生物慢滤对 TOC的去除率为 2 0 %~ 30 % ,对氨氮的去除率为 90 %以上 ,对 Cu2 + 、Cd2 + 、Fe2 + 、Zn2 + 、Mn2 + 和 Pb2 + 的去除率分别在 97%、95%、95%、88%、70 %和 60 %以上 ;5) III至 V类微污染水经生物慢滤处理后 ,不经消毒即可达到生活饮用水的卫生标准。

【Abstract】 The present paper aims to introduce a bio-slow sand filtration method for processing rural drinking water sources. The present paper begins with the study of the effects of sand particle size and bed depth for the bio-slow sand filtration. The removing effect of pollutants in the rural water environment, such as heavy metal elements, organic substances, ammonia and bacteria by bio-slow sand filtration has also been investigated. The experimental results show that (1) the time needed for forming a steady and ripen schmutzdecke in bio-slow sand filter has positive relationship with the sand particle size; (2) the removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen, COD and turbidity has no relationship with sand particle size in case that a steady and ripen schmutzdecke in bio-slow sand filter has been formed. However, the removal efficiency of bacteria seems not to have any close relation with the sand particle size; (3) The removal efficiency of bio-slow sand filtration on TOC proves about 20-30%, above 90% on ammonia and over 97% on Cu2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ was 95%, 95%, 88%, 70% and 60%, respectively.

【基金】 水利部科技创新重点项目 (编号 :SCX2 0 0 1 - 0 3)
  • 【文献出处】 安全与环境学报 ,Journal of Safety and Environment , 编辑部邮箱 ,2004年01期
  • 【分类号】TU991.2
  • 【被引频次】45
  • 【下载频次】664
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