【摘要】 目的 通过对气管导管插入食管后的多项指标进行比较,评判其鉴别导管误插入食管的敏感性及可靠性。方法 选择40例ASA(American Society of anesthesiologists,美国麻醉医师协会)体格状况分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、行气管插管全身麻醉的成年患者,常规全麻诱导、气管插管同时,用同型号气管导管插入食管内。观察内容:(1)分别由两位不知情的低年资麻醉医师通过双侧肺尖部及剑突下听诊鉴别导管位置;(2)随机连接呼吸机,观察胸廓及上腹部起伏情况、呼气终末CO2分压(PetCO2)、经皮氧饱和度(SpO2)、气道阻力等指标变化。结果 依据两侧肺尖部或剑突下听诊法判断导管位置的正确率分别为90％和96.25％。行食管内通气时,无1例患者胸廓随呼吸动作起伏,但有87.5％的患者在数次吸气后腹部隆起;PetCO2波形几乎成直线,数值在0-1mmHg间波动;SpO2在通气后(156±11)s快速降低;气道平均压升高而平台期缩短。结论 (1)肺尖部与剑突下听诊法相结合有助于提高气管导管定位的准确率; (2)用PetCO2判断气管导管是否误插迅速直观、准确可靠,而其他指标均有较显著的局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of several widely used tests for prompt detection of inadvertent esophageal intubation. Methods Both endotracheal and esophageal intubations were made on 40 adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. The tests such as auscultation of bilateral apex of lungs and epigastrium by inexperienced examiners, capnography, SpO2, chest and upper abdomen movements, and airway resistance were evaluated. Results 90% and 96.25% cases in esophageal intubation were correctly diagnosed via auscultation of bilateral apex of lungs or epigastrium respectively. During esophageal ventilation, abdominal distension was found in 87.5% of cases, but none of them showed chest movements. Meanwhile, PetCO2 fluctuated between 1-2 mmHg, in association with a quick decline of SpO2 in 156±11 seconds. The airway mean resistance increased, whereas the period of plateau decreased significantly. Conclusions (1) Auscultation of epigastrium in combination with bilateral apex of lungs is recommended because of the improved accuracy in tube positioning. (2) Capnography is the most reliable technique for the prompt detection of esophageal intubation, whereas other parameters do not seem to be of comparable value.更多还原