【摘要】 采用全国396个站点的沙尘暴观测资料,结合1:100万中国数字高程图和1:100万中国沙漠分布图,在地理信息系统支持下,重建了1951～2000年中国沙尘暴的空间分异格局,并对沙尘暴灾害发生时间的月相、季相的多年平均状况进行了分析。研究表明:全国沙尘暴空间格局总体呈西南—东北分异,我国沙尘暴的空间和强度变化分布呈现明显的周期变化规律。根据全国各省受影响的程度来看,重点区域在西北,并相对集中分布在新疆南部、西藏北部、青海中西部、内蒙中西部、甘肃、宁夏、陕西北部、山西北部、河北北部及河南部分地区。灾害发生的最大、最小年份和多年平均状况的影响界线分布基本一致,只是影响程度不同。从灾害发生时间的月相和季相过程看,可以分成3种类型和两个过渡带,重度区域从11月一直延续到次年6～7月,时间跨度很长,并与中国沙源地空间分布格局密切相关;其它受影响的区域主要发生在3～5月,且程度较轻。最后指出了在定性到定量的沙尘暴研究中,除了需要对沙尘暴的天气特征进行定量研究外,应该对与沙尘暴有关的下垫面的参数及其时间变化规律进行定量的研究,从而提高沙尘暴的研究精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the data of 396 national weather stations, spatial variation patterns of duststorms from 1951 to 2000 are rebuilt using GIS and 1:1000000 DEM map and 1:1000000 desert distribution map of China in this paper. And monthly and seasonal variation of duststorms is also analyzed. The results show that, generally, there appears northeastsouthwest variability in the spatial pattern of duststorms in China with obviously periodical variability. According to the influenced extent of duststorm in each province, duststorms are mainly distributed in northwest of China and relatively concentrated in southern Xinjiang, northern Tibet, midwest Qinhai, midwest InnerMongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, northen Shaanxi, nouthern Shanxi, northern Hebei and part of Henan Province. The most influenced years are mostly related to the least influenced years and the average influenced years and the difference lies on the intensity of duststorm. According to the monthly and seasonal variation of the disaster, three types and two transition zones can be divided. In the most influenced regions, duststorm lasts from November to June or July the next year, so the time is very long, which is tied up with the distribution pattern of China desert. In less influenced regions, the duststorm breaks out from March to May. Finally, it is pointed out that, in quantitative duststorm study, except the essential quantitative study on weather character of duststorm, the parameters and temporal variation rules of earth surface which is relevant to duststorm need to be researched quantitatively to improve the precision of duststorm study.更多还原