自卑与超越——美国大学的现代化改革及启示

【摘要】 自19世纪20年代起,美国高等教育反思自己的不足,在自卑中奋起,学习德国并创造性地对本国大学进行划时代意义的改革。通过立法,确立高等教育为经济建设和社会发展服务的体制,并形成了著名的威斯康辛模式;首创研究生院,形成双层高等教育结构;教育科研创新,使大学成为世界知识网络的中心。美国大学学习德国又超越德国的现代化改革举措,对当前我国深化高等教育改革,创建世界一流大学具有重要借鉴价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1820s, American higher education has risen from its inferiority through reflecting upon disadvantage of the past, learning from Germany and creatively making epoch -making university reform. By law - making, the system of higher education which serves economic construction and social development has been established and a well - known Wisconsin Pattern has been formed; setting up post - graduate institutes, forming double - deck higher education structures. The innovation of scientific research on education has made universities the center of global knowledge network. The modern reform measures that American universities took to learn from Germany and surmount Germany have important reference value for China to deepen the reform of Chinese higher education and establish first - class universities in the world.更多还原