【摘要】 目的　分析北京市海淀区常住人口传染性非典型肺炎 [严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS) ]的流行病学特征。方法　对海淀区常住人口中发生的SARS病例进行个案调查和描述性分析。结果2 0 0 3年 3月 1 8日至 5月 31日 ,海淀区常住人口中共发生SARS病例 40 3例 ,发病率约为 1 8.0 1 0万 ,死亡 2 7例 ,病死率为 6 .7%。患者中青壮年占 70 .4% ,尤以 2 0～ 2 9岁组高发。全区除一个乡外均受累 ,多以散发为主 ,只有 3个街道呈现明显的家庭或学校内爆发。流行基本可以划分为初始增长期(2 7天 )、高峰期 (2 1天 )和快速下降期 (2 6天 )。患者中有密切接触史的比例随各期呈递减趋势 (趋势χ2 =8.80 0 ,P =0 .0 0 3) ;初期接触地点主要在医院 (72 .7% ) ,而迅速下降期则以家中接触为主(85 .7% ) ;各期的职业构成谱也明显不同 (χ2 =36 .41 ,P <0 .0 1 )。无明确接触史的患者中 2 6 .6 %有外出史 ,其中又有 47.6 %是去医院 ,并且 65 %在流行的高峰期光顾医院。结论　海淀区常住人口SARS流行强度与全市持平 ,医院内获得感染是SARS流行的主要原因更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Haidian district, Beijing. Methods Each SARS case was interviewed by trained investigator using standardized questionnaire followed a descriptive analysis. Results Four hundren and three SARS cases were identified and 27 of them died from March 18 and May 31, 2003. The incidence rate of SARS was 18.0/100 000 with case fatality rate as 6.7% in Haidian district, Beijing. Seventy four percent of patients were adults with higher risk in age group of 20 29 year. SARS patients were scattered around in 32 out of 33 streets and villages in this district. The disease appeared to be sporadic but the case of outbreaks in family or university only seen in three streets. The course of SARS epidemic in this district could be divided into three phases: initial which last for days, peak 21 days and then rapid decline for 26 days. Number of patients having had a history of close contact to other SARS were gradually decreasing along with the process of the epidemics (trend χ 2= 8.800 , P = 0.003 ). Seventy two point seven percent of the SARS cases had been exposed to the injection in the hospital settings. When the epidemics came to a rapid declin, 85.7 % of the patients diagonosed during that period could be traced down to have had the history of contacting SARS cases within their own families. The distribution of occupation was also showed significantly different in the three respective stages ( χ 2= 36.41 , P < 0.01 ). Among the patients who could not be identified as having confirmed contact history, 26.6 % having had outward activities and 47.6 % of them visited hospitals, especially during the peak stage. Conclusion The intensity of SARS epidemic among the residents of Haidian district was recognized as similar to the other parts of Beijing. Nosocomial infection in hospital settings was most important cause responsible for the transmission of SARS in this district.更多还原