【摘要】 上海市从 196 3年起使用口服脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )疫苗 (OPV) ,1987年报告最后 1例脊灰野病毒病例 ,1990年发现最后 1例外地来沪脊灰野病毒病例 ,1989年起检测健康儿童粪便标本未发现脊灰野病毒 ,可以认为 1987～1989年上海市已阻断脊灰野病毒的传播。 1972～ 1978年对 110名 2～ 12月龄婴儿做前瞻性调查 ,全程免疫后 4年的脊灰中和抗体Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型阳性率分别为 10 0 0 %、92 6 %、92 6 % ,几何平均滴度 (GMT)分别为 1∶12 1 0、1∶33 0、1∶2 2 0 ,显示OPV 3次免疫后效果很好。 1983年起建立接种门诊进行常规免疫 ,使免疫程序得以及时实施。对 18月龄～ 2岁儿童进行加强免疫后 ,脊灰中和抗体 3个型抗体阳性率均为 10 0 0 % ,GMT显著增长。从 1986年起 ,全市免疫程序为 2、3、4月龄 3次全程免疫 ;18月龄、4岁加强免疫 ;外来人口 (儿童和大学新生 )补服。 1984～2 0 0 1年全程免疫接种率为 97%～ 99% ,1986～ 2 0 0 1年加强免疫接种率为 95 %～ 99%。 1986～ 1997年 6月龄～ 2 9岁健康人群脊灰中和抗体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型均阳性率为 92 5～ 96 0 %。全市消灭脊灰的预防策略和措施是以提高人群免疫力为主导 ,辅以对疑似脊灰病例和急性弛缓性麻痹病例的监测管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Shanghai,OPV began vaccinated in 1963.The last indigenous wild-type polio case in Shanghai was in 1987.The last wild poliovirus isolated in Shanghai from casecoming from another province was in 1990.No wild-type poliovirus in stool specimens has been detected in healthy children in shanghai since 1989.It showed that the transmission of the wild poliovirus has been interrupted.The results of epidemiological and serological surveillance work have showed that the OPV is very effective.In 1978-1979 in one outbreak,the vaccine efficacy of 3 doses of OPV was 100%.In a prospective survey following 4 years after vaccinating 3 doses of OPV in 110 infants aged 2-12 months,the positive rates of the neutralizing antibodies for type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were 100%,92.6%,92.6%,the GMTs for type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were 1∶121.0,0,1∶33.0,1∶22.0,respectively.Since 1983,we established routine immunization,children are given vaccine in immunization clinics in commune hospitals and in rural hospitals.Since 1986,the schedule for TOPV immunization is 3 doses at 2,3,4 months of age,booster immunization and is given to children at 18 months,4 years of age, completion of the vaccination is given to floating children and the new college students.In the period of 1984-2001,the immunization coverage rate of three-dose OPV within 1 year old children was 97%-99% and in 1986-2001,the booster coverage rates in 18 month,4 year old children were 95%～99%.The average positive rates of polio type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ neutralizing antibodies in the healthy persons aged 6 months～29 years old were 92.5%～96.0% in 1986～1997.For the aim of polio eradication,increasing the immunity of people,enhancing surveillance for suspected polio cases and AFP cases are very important.更多还原