【摘要】 目的　了解实施改灶措施后的病情变化 ,评价防治措施的效果 ,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法　在选定的观察点 ,调查 8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙和成人症状、体征 ,采样分析食品、室内空气和 8～ 12岁儿童尿氟含量。结果　儿童氟斑牙患病率和氟斑牙指数呈下降趋势 ,成人病情稳定。室内空气氟浓度一次最大允许浓度和日平均浓度的超标率均有降低 ,地炉造成的氟污染重于灶炉 ,地炉在旺火期释放的氟比焖火期和封火期多 ,燃用地炉是造成室内空气氟污染的主要原因。玉米氟含量上下波动 ,辣椒氟含量逐年降低 ,但 2 0 0 0年出现回升。儿童尿氟升降交替 ,未见明显下降。结论　改良炉灶是燃煤污染型氟中毒行之有效的防治措施 ,但应加强对病区居民正确使用炉灶的技术指导 ,并注意及时维修受损炉灶 ,以巩固其除氟效果更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo observe and evaluate the changes in the endemic fluorosis after adopting the innovation of stoves,and to provide the basis for control policy.MethodsDental fluorosis in children aged 8～12 years o l d and fluorosis symptoms in adults were examined.Fluoride contents in food,air a nd children’s urine were determined.ResultsBoth dental fluorosis rate and index in childre n declined gradually, while the state of fluorosis in adult remained stable.Flu oride concentration in beyond the accepted safe standard indoor air which was in dicated by single maximum permissible concentration and daily average concentrat ion declined.The output of fluoride pollutant emitted from ground stoves in livi ng room was heavier than that from platform stoves in kitchen.Fluoride content i n chilli became lower from 1996 to 1999 gradually, but it raised again in 2000. Fluoride content was fluctuant in corn and children’s urine.ConclusionsInnovated stoves are effective measures for preventing endemic fluorosis caused by coal-burning. Instruction for using flu oride-reducing stoves should be recommended to the resident in the areas, and t he ill-designed stoves should be remodeled in time in order to keep the stove u sers from fluoride pollution.更多还原