【摘要】 由于自然、人为等因素造成的有毒气体泄漏事件随时威胁着人们的生命安全。对于这类突发事故进行危害评估 ,在应急救援中 ,可以给决策者提供参考 ,使之采取有效措施 ,最大限度地降低事故危害程度 ,减少事故恶果及引起的恐慌。由于毒气泄漏位置事先无法确定 ,如果用常规方法进行逐点评估 ,将面临着巨大的计算量而难以进行。笔者发展了一种伴随方法 ,对风险函数的表达式进行等价变形 ,通过求解伴随方程 ,可以一次求得任意位置的毒气泄漏的风险值 ,大大降低计算量和工作量。此法在化学工厂和仓库设置 ,煤气网铺设和监测点选取 ,城市应急中心设置等多种安全规划中均有重要价值 ,为快速危害评估 ,降低化学事故危害提供了有力的研究工具和实用方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Leakage of poisonous gases caused by nature or contrived factors often threatens the safety of people’s life. During emergency rescue, it is necessary to provide criteria for decision making to minimize the damage through risk evaluation. Due to indeterminacy of the leakage location of the poisonous gas release, if routine evaluation were used to assess the possible location one by one, enormous calculation would have to be done. Now an adjoint method is developed, which could get the risk value of every location at random by computation only once, and reduce the cost of calculation considerably. This method is of great significance in locating chemical plants and warehouses, paving gas pipelines and their monitoring spots, and establishing emergency center in city. It also provides a powerful research tool for assessing and reducing chemical hazards rapidly.更多还原