【摘要】 采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术 ,对采自山西省蝗虫区系的优势种类 :斑腿蝗科 (Catantopidae)、斑翅蝗科 (Oe dipodidae)和网翅蝗科 (Arcypteridae) 3科 7属 8种蝗虫的 11种酶进行了检测 ,共辨析出 17个酶基因座位 ,并计算出等位基因频率和遗传距离。等位基因频率分析表明 :Ao 1、Est 3、G3pd 1、Idh 2和Mdh 2基因座位的等位基因少、等位基因数目在种间变化较小 ,故推断其进化速率较慢 ,利用这些基因座位的保守特征 ,可作为分子标记研究较高级阶元的系统发育关系 ;而Gpi 1、Ldh 1和Me 1基因座位的等位基因多、等位基因数目在种内和种间差异较大 ,可以用作种、属间及种群间遗传结构的比较研究。对每个基因座位的各基因型进行 χ2 检验 ,除Acp 1、Adk 1、Ao 1和Ao 2在部分蝗虫中符合Hardy Weinberg平衡外 ,其余绝大多数基因座位的基因型频率显著偏离H W平衡。在所研究的 8种蝗虫中 ,多态位点百分率普遍较高 (P =6 4 7%～ 94 1% ) ,但由于杂合子数目较少而使每个基因座位的平均杂合度降低 (Ho=0 0 2 4～ 0 0 87)。对多态位点百分率分析发现 :迁飞能力是影响蝗虫种间遗传变异的因素之一 ,具有迁飞能力的蝗虫 (P =88 2 %～ 94 1% )较非迁飞性蝗虫 (P =6 4 7%～ 94 1% )表现出较高的遗传多态性 ;但也有例外更多还原

【Abstract】 The genetic structure of eight locust species in three families (Catantopidae,Oedipodidae and Arcypteridae) from Shanxi Province in China was compared using allozyme analysis with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.Among 17 loci identified in zymograms, Ao 1,Est 3,G3pd 1,Idh 2 and Mdh 2 had low variability with a few alleles.High polymorphism was observed at Ldh 1,Me 1 and Gpi 1 .Each of the eight species demonstrated high percentage of polymorphic loci ( P =64 7%～94 1%) but low observed heterozygosity ( H 0=0 024～0 087) due to heterozygote deficiency.It was noted that the migratory locusts usually had higher percentage of polymorphic loci ( P =88 2%～94 1%) than non migratory species ( P =64 7%～94 1%).The only exception is Oxya chinensis(P =94 1%).It is reasoned that the higher polymorphism is necessary for migratory species to cope with the environments that might be drastically different from the habitats before migration.The taxon relationships using cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic identity ( I ) and Roger’s genetic distance ( D ) were the same at species and genus levels.The differences were found at family level,possibly due to the alternative algorithms.The cladogram using Roger’s genetic distance ( D ) overlapped the relationship obtained from karyotypic analyses,which demonstrated that the species examined in Catantopidae displayed somewhat closer relationship to those in Oedipodidae than to those in Arcypteridae.It is suggested that the allozyme analysis is useful as molecular marker for locusts in phylogenetic reconstruction at the species and genus level,while additional data from other studies are necessary when used for higher taxa.更多还原