【摘要】 本文是我国长江流域棉区棉花品种遗传改良研究的系列报道之一 ,目的在于探讨建国以来我国长江棉区棉花品种在产量和产量组分性状 (株铃数、铃重和衣分 )上遗传改良的成效。对不同历史时期 11个代表性品种两年 7点的试验资料和 30多年区域试验历史资料的研究表明 ,建国以来 ,我国长江棉区棉花品种的产量性状改良成效显著 ,品种的产量以每年 5 .73～ 8.16 kg/hm2 的速度增长 ,平均约为 6 .5 0 kg/hm2 ·年。品种的狭义遗传改良贡献率约为 36 .9%(4 .2 %～ 5 2 .1%) ,广义遗传改良贡献率约为 6 2 .0 %。目前品种的增产效应中 ,45 .0 %归因于基因型的改良 ,2 0 .4%归因于基因型和环境的互作。建国以来各时期代表品种的增产途径大致可分为以基因型效应为主、以基因型环境互作效应为主、和兼有基因型效应和基因型环境互作效应三种类型。近期育成的品种与早期品种相比 ,皮棉产量提高 2 4.3%(2 5 4.8kg/hm2 ) ,株铃数提高 3.49个 /株 ,衣分提高 2 .80 %,铃重变化不明显。现代品种产量的提高主要是通过株铃数和衣分的提高来实现的 ;在不同时期 ,铃数、铃重、衣分对产量的贡献不同。这种变化反映出该棉区育种策略和选择重点的变化。大铃和高衣分品种的筛选是目前该棉区产量育种的有效途径。最后 ,本文对长江棉区棉更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is one of a series of reports on the genetic improvement of cotton varieties in the Yangtse valley in China since 1950s, the purpose of which is to study the genetic improvements on yield and yield components (bolls per plant, boll size and lint percentage). Experimental data of 11 representative varieties at 7 locations in two years and historical data of regional cotton trials in the Yangtse valley in the last 30 years were analyzed. The results indicated that the effect of genetic improvement of cotton varieties in the Yangtse valley was significant, the average increase of the lint yield in the last 50 years is 6.50 kg/hm 2 per year; the narrow-sense contributive ratio of genetic improvement is 36.9%( 4.2%~52.1%); the broad-sense contributive ratio of genetic improvement is 62.0%. 45.0% and 20.4% of the increase of the current varieties were due to genotype and genotype-environmental interaction respectively. Compared to old varieties, lint yield of the current varieties increased by 24.3%, number of bolls by 3.49 per plant, lint percentage by 2.80% and boll size changed non-significantly. The yield increase of the current varieties was mainly caused by the improvements of number of bolls per plant and lint percentage. The relative effects number of bolls per plant and boll size and lint percentage on lint yield varied at different stages, which reflected the change of breeding strategy and selection emphasis. Selection for big bolls and high lint percentage would be a valid strategy for cotton lint yield breeding in the Yangtse valley .更多还原