【摘要】 于 1999～ 2 0 0 1年调查了神农架自然保护区 6个地点不同栖息地的非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度。栖息地分为 8类 :原始林、择伐林 (采伐枯立木 )、次生林、灌木林、草地、常年性河流水溪、农田和人居住区。小型非飞行哺乳动物调查用捕鼠夹 ;大型非飞行哺乳动物调查主要根据皮张收购资料以及样线法和痕迹法 ;用 10m× 10m的样方调查林地树种丰富度。调查发现 ,神农架自然保护区有非飞行哺乳动物 5 9种 [不包括引进种梅花鹿 (Cervusnippon) ]。在同一海拔高度 ,原始林通常比择伐林和次生林的物种丰富度高 ,说明采伐严重降低了物种丰富度。对比同一栖息地不同海拔高度的物种丰富度 ,我们发现 ,在中海拔地段 (80 0～ 170 0m)物种丰富度最高 :如在原始林和次生林 ,海拔 170 0m的东溪物种丰富度最高 ;在择伐林 ,海拔 80 0m的九冲物种丰富度最高。聚类分析显示 ,6个地点的哺乳动物物种组成可以分为两组 :高海拔组 (2 10 0m以上 )和中低海拔组 (170 0m以下 )。各地点的哺乳动物物种组成与植被的垂直分布是一致的。各地点的物种丰富度与单位面积 (10 0m2 )树种平均丰富度、栖息地类型数和海拔高度相关。 3个环境变量间也是相关的 :海拔高度对单位面积树种平均丰富度和栖息地类型数有重要影响。根据研究结果提出两更多还原

【Abstract】 The species richness of nonvolant mammals in different habitats at six sites of Shennongjia Nature Reserve was investigated during 1999～2001. The habitats were classed into eight types: primary forest, selectively logged forest (primary forest with deadwood removal), secondary forest, shrub forest, grassland, rivers and streams, crop field, and residential areas. The small nonvolant mammals were investigated using steel removal traps. Large nonvolant mammals were studied through data on skin trade, line transects and survey of mammal trails. The vegetation of forests was sampled in plots of 10 m×10 m. The results indicate that there are 59 species of nonvolant mammals in Shennongjia Nature Reserve(not including the introduced species Cervus nippon ). At the same elevation, the primary forest usually has higher species richness than selectively logged forest and secondary forest, suggesting that logging has greatly reduced species richness. By comparing species richness at different elevations in the same habitat, it is found that the highest species richness occurs at the middle elevational zones (800～1700 m). In primary forest and secondary forest, species richness is highest at Dongxi at 1700 m elevation. In the selectively logged forest, species richness peaks at Jiuchong at 800 m elevation. Species composition at the six sites can be classed into two groups by cluster analysis: a higher elevational group (above 2100 m) and a middle low elevational group (below 1700 m). The vertical distribution of species composition is matched with that of vegetation. The species richness of the mammals at different sites is correlated with average tree species richness in a unit area (100 m 2), number of habitat types and elevation. There is a correlation among average tree species richness, number of habitat types and elevation, suggesting that elevation has a very important effect on average tree species richness and the number of habitat types. Two conservation implications were formulated from the results. First, emigrant engineering and forest recovery for the reserve should begin at Jiuchong, which has the highest species richness, then be carried out at Dongxi and Xiagu. Second, the zone between the two fragments of the reserve should be set aside as a protected corridor to improve the flow of individuals and genes between the fragments.更多还原