【摘要】 1 994、1 995连续两年在华北棉区第 3代棉铃虫发生期间 ,通过一系列人工摘蕾模拟为害和人工接虫为害试验 ,研究了棉花对蕾铃期繁殖器官损失的补偿效应。试验结果表明 :蕾、铃被害会诱导棉株产生补偿效应 ,即提高结铃数 ,增加生物产量。但棉花的补偿效应是有限的 ,蕾铃期单株被害蕾超过 1 2个 ,被害铃超过 4个 ,或被害超过 2蕾 2铃 ,都会导致皮棉显著减产。通过数学模型分析 ,1 994年 ,单株被害 0～ 1 1 .80个蕾或 0～ 2 .2 6个铃都不会造成减产 ;1 995年 ,单株损失 0～ 1 0 .5 8个蕾或 0～ 3.8个铃 ,同样不会降低棉花产量。模型中各决策变量的边际产量表明 ,棉花蕾铃期铃的损失对皮棉产量的影响最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. is an indeterminate perennial plant. Th e reproductive organs (squares, flowers and bolls) are successively produced as plants develop; meanwhile, many of the reproductive organs abort and fall off be fore the boll opens. However, those abortions do not result in yield loss but st imulate the plant produces compensation, even over-compensation to enhance lint yield. Therefore, the compensation ability of cotton could be considered as an i mportant part of the integrated pest management (IPM). The experiment on the rel ationship between damage of pest and yield of lint indicates that simulative exp eriment by artificially damaging the plant is a feasible and efficacious method for studying compensation of cotton. Two experiments were carried out to study the compensation of cotton for the los ses of squares and/or bolls during fruiting stage in Rao-Yang County, Hebei Pro vince, China in 1994 and 1995. In the 1st experiment, the simulative damages on cotton were created by removing squares and/or bolls manually. There were nine t reatments, three replications and 25 cotton plants per replication in the 1st experiment. In the 2nd experiments, the simulative damages on cotton were m ade by inoculating one 2nd-instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera per plant b y hand. Thre e replications and 50 cotton plants per replication were designed in the 2nd exp eriments. In the control treatment, the fruits were not removed artificially. Th ree replications and 25 plants per replication were arranged in the control. The results indicate that the cotton plants are induced to produce more bolls an d biomass to compensate for the loss of squares or/and bolls. But the ability of cotton to compensate for the damage is finite. When the loss of fruits per plan t is above 12 squares, or 4 bolls, or 2 squares and 2 bolls, the lint yields are all significantly reduced. A mathematic model was developed by a two-factor an d quadratic regression analysis to express the relationship between the lint yie ld and the loss of squares or bolls. The results from the analysis with the mode l show that the lint yields did not decrease if the losses per plant are 0～11. 80 squares or 0～2.26 bolls in the experimental conditions in 1994 and 0～10.5 8 squares or 0～3.8 bolls in the conditions in 1995. Furthermore, the analysis of ed ge-effect production with the model indicates that losses of bolls affect the l int yield stronger than the losses of squares during the fruiting.artifici更多还原