【摘要】 联邦德国自然保护法、德国各州自然保护法要求在自然景观区和人文聚落区保护、管理和发展自然。实现这一法律要求 ,必须以现实的、全面的、高质量的、与自然保护原则相匹配的数据为基础。实践证明 ,城乡生态单元制图是获取和解释这些数据不可或缺的手段。德国人文聚落区生态单元制图始于 1 978年 ,同年组建成立了德国联邦与各州自然保护部门参加并联合协调的“人文聚落区生态单元制图工作组”。 1 986年工作组提出了德国人文聚落区生态单元制图基本方案 ,1 993年完成基本方案修订版。基本方案的目标是在全国范围建立标准制图方法 ,使获取的科学数据可以相互比较。至 2 0 0 0年 ,德国在人文聚落区生态单元制图项目上的投资约合 2亿马克 ;至 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,德国有 2 2 3个大中城市已经完成或正在实施生态单元制图 ,人文聚落区生态单元制图已经成为德国各级政府生态规划的基本工作内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Section 1 (1) of G ermany’ s Federal Nature Conservation Act, and state nature conservation laws, require t hat nature be conserved, maintained and developed in both populated and unpopula ted areas. Such actions, in turn, must be based on recent, comprehensive, high- quality data that have been interpreted in accordance with the principle of natu re conservation. Biotope mapping in villages, towns and cities has proven to be an indispensable way of obtaining and interpreting such data. The program “biot o pe mapping in populated areas” began in 1978, when an eponymous working group w a s established in the State Offices for Nature Conservation and Landscape Managem ent and the Federal Research Center for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecolog y (since 15 August 1993: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation). By 1986, this working group developed a basic national program for biotope mapping in urban ar eas (and a second, revised version of the program was completed by 1993). The pr ogram’s aim was to establish standardized mapping methods, at the federal level, that would produce scientifically comparable results. Since then, mapping of po pulated areas has been completed, or is underway, in a total of 223 cities and c ommunities in Germany. Between 1978 and 2000, approximately 200 million German M ark was invested in Germany for biotope mapping in urban areas.mo更多还原