【摘要】 对土壤原生动物、线虫和其它大中型土壤动物等 3个部分 ,分别描述群落的季节变化 ,然后 ,综合分析气候因素对群落的影响。1原生动物群落的季节化表现为 :种数在 1、2月份最高 ,达 43、44种 ;个体数量则在 8月份和 1 2月份 ( 1 4万多和 1 2万多 /g.干土 )。 2线虫的种数也在 1月份最高 ,达 67种 ;个体数则在9月份 ( 83.3万 /m2 ) ;DG指数显示出有 9月份的大高峰 ( 1 9.9)和 1月份的小高峰 ( 1 9.7)。 3大中型土壤动物群落的季节变化幅度很大 :类群数的大高峰在 7月份 ( 31个 ) ,小高峰在 1 2月份 ( 1 7种 ) ;个体数量则在 6月份和 1 1月份 ( 5 .8万个和 1 .0 5万个 /m2 )。 4气温和地表温度对群落变化的影响较小 :对线虫的种数变化有显著负相关 ;对原生动物、大中型土壤动物种数变化也只有阶段性的相关。 5土壤含水量对群落变化的影响较大 :与原生动物丰度呈非常显著的相关 ( r=0 .896,df=1 0 ,r0 .0 1=0 .70 8) ;与其它大中型土壤动物的类群数、总个体数及 DG指数的影响则具有季节性差异 ,即在湿季呈显著的负相关。 6降水量年内和年间的变化均具很大的不稳定性 ,暴雨又是土壤动物 (除原生动物外 )灾难性的因素。因此降水量的变化是造成群落跳跃式波动和大起大落的主要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper deeply depicted seasonal change of the composition of three communities (soil protozoa, soil nematodes and other macro-meso soil fauna, respectively) and analyzed synthetically the effect of climatic factors on them. The results were showed as follows: (1) Seasonal change of community: (a) 43 and 44 species of soil protozoa had been observed in January and February, respectively, that were higher than that in other months. Only Ciliates had a clear peak of species number (28 species) among soil protozoa, the curve of species number of the other two groups (Amoebae and Flagellatesde) were always under the former group level. The individual number peaks of soil protozoa were observed in August and December (more than 140 thousand / g dry soil and more than 120 thousand / g dry soil, respectively). Amoebae were possibly main groups that influenced the individual number fluctuation of the whole community. (b) Sixty-seven species of nematodes were found in January, which was the highest of the year. The fluctuation of species number during the year was actually decided by Dorylaimida and other nematodes developed by the opposite rule under the control of it. The peak of individual number was observed in September (density was 833 thousand/m+2) and the vale was observed in January (density was 741 thousand/m+2). The situation coincided with species change. Change of Dorylaimida individual number influenced greatly the change of nematodes community, for the individual number of Dorylaimida was 52^5% of total number. DG index of the community showed that there were a high peak (19^9) and a low peak (19^7) in September and in January, respectively. (c) There was a wide range in seasonal change of all the indexes of macro-meso soil animal community, and the fluctuation was jumping: ① The peak of groups was observed in July (31 species) and the low peak was observed in December (26 species). ② The high peak and the low peak of individual were observed in June (58 thousand individual/m+2) and in November (10^5 thousand individual/m+2), respectively. Some groups had also a clear low peak in March, but a few groups were decided by dry seasonal and rainy season. The vales of individual were observed in August (1^5 thousand/m+2) and in February (3^0 thousand/m+2), which coincided with that of groups and are 38 times lower than the peak. ③ DG index was the highest in June and the lowest in August, which coincided with the individual curves of acarina, Collembola, ants, Isoptera, Diptera, Demiptera, Pseudoscorpiones and Symphyla in the whole year. (2) Climatic factors influencing community change: (a) Monthly change of air temperature in sample spot ranged 14^6~24^3℃ (C=0.145), which was small and also optimum range for soil animals survival. So air temperature and upper temperature that was following the former had little effect on community change and individual change, but had a very remarkable negative correlation to species change of nematodes (r=-0.694, df=8, r 0.05=0.632) and had a correlation to species change of protozoa and macro-meso soil fauna. (b) Soil moisture content in sample spot changed greatly during the year and ranged 11^6%~32.8% (C=0.346) so that the degree influencing community change was great: It had a very remarkable correlation to the abundance of protozoa (r=0.896, df=10, r 0.05=0.708), and had a extensive correlation to the density of nematodes. There was difference between effect of dry season and rainy season on groups, total individual and DG index of other macro-meso soil fauna, and the effect had a negative correlation in rainy season. (c) Monthly change of precipitation was very great. August was the month that rainstorm happened mostly. The precipitation was 490^7mm in August, which was 35% of the year. And it was also the month that the quantity of nematodes and other macro-meso soil fauna declined suddenly from peak to vale, which showed that rainstorm was a disastrous factor to soil animal (except soil protozoa). Annual change of precipitation was also very great. Precipitatio更多还原