【摘要】 综合分析了我国近 10年来对微生物肥料 (根瘤菌肥料除外 ) ,在提高农产品产量和改良品质方面的应用效果。微生物肥料与化肥、有机肥等混合施用 ,比传统施肥增产的报道占 98% ,其中增产幅度超过 5 %的报道占87.4 % ,超过 10 %的占 5 6 .6 %。微生物肥料种类以固氮菌类、解磷细菌类、解钾菌类和复合微生物肥料为主 ;菌根菌类、复合微生物肥料、PGPR类、固氮菌类、光合细菌类和解钾菌微生物肥料的平均增产率依次为 2 2 .3%、2 1.2 %、16 .5 %、14 .7%、13.6 %和 12 .2 %。微生物肥料在作物上应用最多的是禾谷类作物 ,其次是油料类和纤维类作物 ,应用较少的是烟草、糖、茶、药、牧草等类作物。微生物肥料对作物品质改良研究较少 ,主要为经济作物 ,而对粮食作物研究较少。从已有的研究可以看出微生物肥料对作物品质有改善作用 ,主要表现为 :降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量 ,减少棉籽及油菜中的棉酚和芥酸含量 ,提高蔬菜和水果含糖量和维生素C含量 ,提高纤维类作物纤维的长度和强度 ,增加上等烟的比例 ,增强作物的抗病性。分析了微生物肥料的施用条件和方法 ,指出合理使用的条件和方法 ,并从研究、开发和管理 3个方面进行了展望。提出加强应用性研究以解决生产中存在的微生物肥料效果不稳定的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of biofertilizer (except rhizobium) on crop yield and quality are reviewed, according to the literature in the past decade. Compared with controls of conventional fertilization, 98% trial of bio-fertilizer was documented to increase crop yield, among which 87.4% showed positive results of more than 5%, and 56.6% more than 10%. Average yield increase varies with different types of the biofertilizer, in the order of mycorrhizal type>complex type>PGPR type>nitrogen-fixing type>photosynthetic bacteria type> K-solubalizing type, and their increasing rate are 22.3%? 21.2%?16.5%?14.7%?13.6%和12.2%, respectively, in terms of the kind of objective crops, biofertilizer application can be ranked as follows: cereals, oil crops, fiber crops, and tobacco, tea, herbs etc. Though the effects of biofertilizer on crop quality were not documented as more as crop yield, most such researches were conducted with cash crops. It might be considered that the biofertilizers play positive effect on product quality improvement. Generally, biofertilizers application resulted in decrease of nitrate content for vegetables, hydroxybenzene for cotton seeds and erucic acid for rape seeds, and increase in sugar and vitamin C for vegetable and fruit, increase in length and intensity of cotton fiber,adding the proportion of first class ratio tobacco. Relationship between application method and effect of biofertilizer also reviewed. The perspective is presented with the respect of research, development and management of the biofertilizers.更多还原