【摘要】 流域水资源是人类文明发展的重要源泉。随着流域人口和经济的快速发展 ,流域水资源不足和水环境恶化已成为制约流域经济发展的重要因素。造成这种状况的主要根源是流域水资源的公共性、外部性、价格偏离价值及政府失灵等。为了实现流域水资源的持续开发利用 ,必须改变现有流域水资源开发利用模式。本文根据可持续发展理论和环境经济原理 ,指出流域水资源开发利用中应引入激励机制。激励机制的应用应遵循以下原则 :1公平性原则 ;2效益原则 ;3补偿性原则 ;4可操作性原则 ;5生态环境保护原则。具体的激励机制包括 :1价格机制 ;2宏观调控机制 ;3水权机制 ;4相应的流域管理机制更多还原

【Abstract】 The water resource of watershed has become an important factor in the development of human civilization.With the rapid increased population and economics, the insufficient water supply and degradation of water environment have become the most restricted factor for the watershed economic development.The reasons cause this condition is due to the attribution of the water resource.Such as external effects,the common resource, the price deviation from value and the governments failure.To achieve sustainable exploitation and usage of watershed water resource,the conditions must be changed.According the sustainable development theory and environmental economic principle,the incentive mechanism should be adopted.The principle and measures are put forward.The principle include:①impartial;②efficiency;③compensate;④operation;⑤ecology protection.The mechanism include:①water pricing mechanism;②macroadaptation mechanism;③water author mechanism;④the watershed manage mechanism.更多还原