【摘要】 紧密结合西北地区地下水资源勘查特别计划的实施,在分析研究格尔木地区地下水资源赋存及运移规律的基础上,采用MODELFLOW软件和有限差分方法进行了地下水资源合理开发利用的模型研究.在开发利用模型研究中,设计了两个水资源开发利用方案:方案Ⅰ,保证规划重点工业发展的需要,地下水资源开采量达到7.94×107m3/a的规模;方案Ⅱ,在方案Ⅰ的基础上,考虑农业灌溉的需要,新增地表水引用量2.16×108m3/a,这将导致地下水入渗补给量减少40%.通过这两个水资源开发利用方案的模型研究表明:这两个方案是可行的.但是,在方案Ⅰ中,泉集河排泄量减少11.99%,地下水侧向出流量减少10.63%,地下水储存量的变化量减少21.11%;在方案Ⅱ中,泉集河排量减少31.41%,地下水侧向出流量减少32.55%,地下水储存量的变化量减少35.68%,潜水蒸发量减少1.39%.更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources and environmental protection plays a very important role in economy and social development in the drought areas of Northwest China. This paper takes Golmud region, Qinghai Province, as an example. We analyze the natural geography and hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, and then establish the mathematic model in incorporation with the software MODEL FLOW and the finite difference method (FDM) with the main boundary conditions. According to the economic plan of the stydy area, two feasible schemes about utilization of water are presented. In our prediction, the key industrial development in this area needs the exploitation amount of groundwater up to 7.94×107 m3/a; the utilization of suface water would be increased to 2.6×108 m3/a , which will result in the decrease of recharge amount up to 40%.With the increase of groundwater exploitation, the transpiration amount of phreatic water, draining amount of numerous spring_fed rivers and later effluent amount of groundwater all will decrease. The latter two and the reservoir amount of groundwater decrease first followed by decrease of groundwater level, all of which will result in the decrease of transpiration amount of phreatic water. Draining amount of numerous spring_fed rivers is predicted to decrease up to 11.99%～31.42%, later effluent amount of groundwater up to 10.63%～32.55%, the reservoir amount of groundwater up to 1.39%～21.11%, respectively.The study area lies at the edge of south Qaidam inland basin, so the whole environment is fragile to destroy. Exploitation of groundwater will result in the decrease of the draining of numerous spring_fed rivers and later effluent groundwater as well as of recharge down_river edaphic water. The vegetation will wither, which will result in desertization.更多还原