【摘要】 用受精能力强的野生山楂的花粉给受精能力差的 3个栽培品种‘面楂’、‘敞口’、‘大金星’授粉 ,并对野生山楂和栽培山楂花粉与雌蕊的部分生理生化指标进行了比较。结果表明 ,野生山楂的花粉能显著提高栽培山楂种子含仁率。栽培山楂与野生山楂花粉生活力无显著差异 ,但栽培山楂花粉萌发率较低 ,花粉管生长速度较慢 ,其中‘大金星’花粉在 2 5℃培养 2 4h不能萌发。栽培山楂雌蕊提取液对栽培山楂和野生山楂花粉萌发都有抑制作用。与野生山楂相比 ,栽培山楂花粉中类胡萝卜素、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量较低 ,酚类化合物含量和POD活性较高 ,其中‘大金星’花粉中类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白质含量最低 ,酚类化合物含量和POD活性最高。雌蕊中IAA氧化酶活性明显高于野生山楂 ,而可溶性糖含量低于野生山楂。‘敞口’、‘大金星’和‘面楂’雌蕊中POD同工酶分别比野生山楂多 2、3、4条酶带 ,而花粉POD同工酶谱无区别更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, three breeds of cultivated hawthorns( Crataegus pinnatifida var. major )with extremely low fertilization rates `Mianzha’, `Changkou’ and `Dajinxing’ were pollinated by the pollen of wild hawthorns( C.pinnatifida ) with high fertilization rates, and some physiological and biochemical indexes of pollen and pistil were compared between wild hawthorns and cultivated hawthorns. The results showed that the kernel contents of the seeds of cultivated hawthorns were increased significantly by the treatment of pollination with the pollen of wild hawthorns. There was no significant difference between cultivated hawthorns and wild hawthorns in pollen viability, but the germination rate of the pollen and the growth speed of pollen tubes of the former were lower than those of the latter. The pollen of `Dajinxing’ could not germinate after cultivated for 24 h at 25℃. The germination of the pollen of wild hawthorns and cultivated hawthorns was inhibited by the pistil extracts of the cultivated hawthorns. Compared with wild hawthorns, cultivated hawthorns were of lower carotenoid, free proline and soluble protein contents,and higher phenolic compound content and POD activity in the pollen, of which the `Dajinxing’ was of the lowest carotenoid and soluble protein contents, and the highest phenolic compound content and POD activity in the pollen, and higher IAA oxidase activity and lower soluble sugar content in pistil. The POD isozymes in pistil of `Dajinxing’, `Changkou’ and `Mianzha’ had 2, 3 and 4 bands respectively more than that of the wild hawthorns, however, there was no difference between cultivated hawthorns and wild hawthorns in the POD isozymes in pollen.更多还原