【摘要】 目的 :为冠状窦及其属支插管的临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法 :观察 4 7例离体成人心脏标本冠状窦及冠状窦口、冠状窦瓣的位置和形态、冠状窦属支的数目、起始和走行 ;测量冠状窦的长度和外径、冠状窦口的大小、冠状窦瓣的高度、心大静脉、心中静脉、左室后静脉的直径及其与冠状窦所形成的角度。结果 :冠状窦长平均38.4 7± 7.81mm ,其外径在起始端、中点、末端分别平均为 6 .5 1± 1.97、7.99± 2 .6 5、9.79± 2 .4 8mm ;冠状窦口 95 .74 %呈椭圆形 ,仅 4 .2 6 %呈圆形 ,呈椭圆形者纵径和横径分别平均为 10 .6 5± 3.2 1和 5 .5 8± 1.97mm ;冠状窦瓣呈半月形者占 5 9.5 7%、筛形者占 8.5 1%、条索形者占 6 .38% ,无瓣者为 2 5 .5 4 % ,瓣高平均为 3.98± 2 .5 0mm ;心大静脉、心中静脉、左室后静脉直径均数分别为 3.16± 0 .87、3.86± 1.16和 3.2 8± 0 .98mm。结论 :冠状窦及属支中的心大静脉较适合于插管 ,心中静脉及左室后静脉插管一般难度较大更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To provide anatomical basis for the clinical application of cannulation in coronary sinus and its tributaries. Methods: The position and morphology of coronary sinus and its orifice and valve, the number, beginning and route of the tributaries of coronary sinus in 47 specimens of adult hearts were observed, and the length and diameters of coronary sinus, the size of orifice of coronary sinus, the height of valve of coronary sinus, the diameters of great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, left posterior vein, and the angles frmed by coronary sinus and its tributaries were measured. Results: The mean length of coronary sinus is 38.47±7.81. Its diameter at front end, middle, and back end are 6.51±1.97, 7.99±2.65 and 9.79±2.48 respectively. Orifice of coronary sinus is either oval(95.74%) or circular(4.26%). The former’s vertical and transverse diameters are 10.65±3.21 and 5.58±1.97mm respectively。In some cases, the valves of coronary are semilunar(59.57%). In other cases, they take the form of sieves(8.51%)or cords(6.38%), andin still others, no valves(25.54%). Their mean height is 3.98±2.50. The diameters of great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, left posterior vein are 3.16±0.87, 3.86±1.16 and 3.28±0.98. respectively. Conclusions: It is more suitable to insert cannula into coronary sinus and great cardiac than into middle cardiac vein and left posterior vein, but different cases need to be treated differently.更多还原