【摘要】 西北地区的基本特征是气候极端干旱、水资源异常贫乏 ,而光热资源、土地资源和矿产资源丰富 ,对于目前西北地区出现的生态环境和水资源安全问题的严重性既要有足够的认识 ,也要历史的全面的看待 ,在评价西北水资源状况时必须把生态环境用水量包括其中 .西北地区水资源开发利用程度比较高 ,有限的水资源最大程度地支撑了社会经济发展 ,人工绿洲比解放前扩大了好几倍 ,天然绿洲随之萎缩和衰败 .从某种程度上说 ,西北水资源对社会经济发展的支撑能力已经接近极限 .局部地区早已超过了安全警戒线 ,如 :塔里木河、黑河、石羊河 .人工绿洲以内的生态环境经过几十年的建设得到极大改善 ,而以外的生态环境状况随着水资源开发利用强度的增加 ,也已经处于安全临界线或警戒线 ,内陆河下游地区普遍处于退缩和衰败之中更多还原

【Abstract】 The precipitation of Northwestern China is very little but the evaporation was extremely high.Therefore the water resources are scare,the ecological environment is weak and the distribution of water resources is uneven.In this area,the precipitation is the only input,evaporation is the only output in Inner River,and precipitation,surface water and groundwater interchange with each other,which benefits the storage and utilization of water resources.The average precipitation in the area was 232 mm,accumulated total precipitation was 7 003×10 8 m 3/a,the surface water resources was 1 891×10 8 m 3/a,the total natural groundwater resources was 1 150×10 8 m 3/a,the total usable water resources was 438×10 8 m3/a,the total water resources was 1996×10 8 m 3/a and theper capita water resources was 2 278 m 3/(one man).The water resources of the whole area is 5.94×10 4 m 3/(a·km 2),which is only one fifth of the mean value in China.Now,the usable water resources is 876×10 8 m 3/a,of which the groundwater is approximately 130×10 8 m 3/a.更多还原