【摘要】 免疫缺陷性疾病极易发生呼吸系统感染。约 5 0 %以上的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)病人会出现卡氏肺孢子虫病 (PCP)。治疗PCP可选用复方新诺明、喷他脒和克林霉素 伯氨喹等药物。巨细胞病毒肺炎 (CMV)感染可引起短时间免疫缺陷 ,而免疫缺陷亦易引发CMV感染。丙氧鸟苷和抗CMV免疫球蛋白有一定治疗作用。免疫缺陷患者发生结核病的机率较正常人高得多 ,部分免疫缺陷者并发肺结核表现为无反应性 ,且死亡率高。治疗最好采用包括利福平和吡嗪酰胺的强效化疗方案 ,一律实行直接面视下督导治疗 (DOT)。免疫缺陷者分支杆菌感染机率明显增加 ,其中主要是鸟型胞内分支杆菌复合体 (MAC)。可采用目前常用的抗结核药物进行联合治疗 ,但疗程要长 ,一般 2年。军团菌肺炎在有免疫缺陷的病人中易发 ,尤其是细胞免疫缺陷者。治疗首选红霉素 ,可以加用利福平。弓形虫感染在免疫缺陷的患者中也经常碰到 ,应积极预防 ,常用药物有乙胺嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶或大环内酯类抗生素更多还原

【Abstract】 Immunodeficiency disease is prone to causing pulmonary infection disease.About 50% of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)patients will develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP).The therapy include SMZCO and pentamidine.The infection of CMV could cause temporarily immunodeficiency,and immunodeficiency could also cause CMV infection.Ganciclovir and anti CMV immunoglobin have some effect on the CMV infection.The possibility of tuberculosis is much higher in patients with immunodeficiency disease than without.some patients may show anergy,and the mortality is significantly higher.The best treatment should adopt intensive measure that include the use of INH and RFP,and should be given under DOT.Nontuberculousmycobacteria infection is significantly increased in patients with immunodeficiency disease,mainly is the infection of mycobacterium avium complex.the(MAC).Commonly used anti tuberculosis drug should be combined given and take longer courses of treatment of about 2 years.Legionella pneumonia is susceptible in patients with immunodeficiency disease,especially in those with cellular immunodeficiency,The first choice of therapy is erythromycin and RFP.Pulmonary toxoplasmosis is also be seen in patients with immunodeficiency disease and should be actively prevented.the commonly used drug include ethylamine pyrimidine,pyrimidine sulfadiazinesulfapyridine and macrolide antibiotics.更多还原