【摘要】 锗具有亲石、亲铁、亲硫和亲有机质等多重地球化学性质,岩浆作用不能使锗发生明显富集,但锗可富集在一些花岗伟晶岩矿物中,只有热液体系才能大量搬运锗,在表生溶液中具有较高的活动性,属于过渡类的分散元素。世界上已发现26个锗矿物。锗矿床可分为伴生锗矿床和独立锗矿床两大类。锗与其它分散元素具有普遍的共生关系,与镓的共生尤为密切;锗对环境的危害物主要为Ge金属、GeH4、GeO2和GeCl4;并综述了锗的主要工业来源及市场应用现状。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper simply generalizes germanium’s physical and chemical characters, and lists 26 germanium minerals which have been reported in literatures. Ge is a lithophile,siderophile,sulphophile element and also easy to combine with organic matter, can not be concentrated in magma process, but can be enriched in some granitepegmatite minerals. Ge belongs to one of disperse transitional elements,is fairly active in solution and can be transferred greatly only in hydrothermal fluid system. The paper discusses the Ge deposit types and gives a simplified definition for independent Ge deposit. Ge coexists with many other disperse elements, especially with Ga. The harmful occurence modes of Ge are Ge metal, GeH4, GeO2 and GeCl4. Finally the paper discusses the main industrial source and present market consumption of Ge. 更多还原