【摘要】 目的:为腭前神经及上牙槽后神经等阻滞麻醉提供解剖学资料。方法:本文抽取50具成人颅骨,对腭大孔、牙槽孔及其毗邻结构进行观测。结果:腭大孔的位置左、右对称,位于上颌第三磨牙腭侧者最多,共32例,占64％;位于上颌第二磨牙与第三磨牙的腭侧之间者共12例,占24％;位于上颌第二磨牙腭侧者最少,共6例,占12％。腭大孔距腭正中裂距离在侧(15.11±2.06)mm,右侧(15.18±2.05)mm;牙槽孔距颧下嵴起始部距离,左侧(21.54±3.05)mm,右侧(20.91±2.50)mm。牙槽孔距颧下嵴起始部的孤长,左侧(23.28±1.64)mm,右侧(22.94±1.68)mm。结论:腭大孔位于上颌第二磨牙和第三磨牙之间之腭侧,其中以位于第三磨牙腭侧者最多;颧下嵴为一弧形结构,提示临床经腭大孔进行腭前神经阻滞麻醉时,应以上颌第二磨牙和第三磨牙为标志;在颧下嵴起始处,行上牙槽后神经阻滞麻醉时,应将注射针头弯成弧形,以减少疼痛和副损伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To provide anatomical data for block anesthesia of naterior palatine nerver and superior posterior alveolar nerve. Methods: Fifty adult -cranial bones were used to observe the sphenopalatine foramen alveolar foramina and neighboring structure. Result: The sites of the sphenopalatine are symmetry, the number of which in the maxillary third molar teeth palate side is the most. (12, 64%) ,The number of which between the maxillary second molar teeth and the maxillary third molar teeth palate side is 12, 24%, and the number of which in the maxillary second molar teeth palate side is the fewest ( 6, 12%). The distance from the left sphenopalatine foramen to the ranphe of palate is (15.11±2. 06)mm,and from the right one to it is (15. 18±2. 05)mm. The distance from alveolar foramina to the begining site of crista infrazygomatica is (21. 54±3. 05)mm(left) or (20. 9±2. 50)mm(right). The arc length from alveolar foramina to the begining site of crista infrazygomatica is (23. 28±1. 64)mm(left) or (27. 94±1. 68) mm (right). Conclusion: The sphenopalatine foramen is located between the maxillary third molar tooth and second molar tooth,and most of them lie in maxillary third molar tooth palate side. The crista infrazygomatica is a arc structure,suggesting that maxillary third molar tooth and second molar tooth should be a marker for block anesthesia of naterior palatine nerve through sphenopalatine foramen. It should arch the syrinxe needle to reduce the pain and side injury in block anesthesia of superior posterior alveolar nerve at the begining of the crista infrazygomatica.更多还原