【摘要】 采用药膜法测定17种植物次生代谢物质对韭菜根蛆幼虫的室内杀虫活性。结果表明,其中11种化合物对韭蛆有不同程度的杀虫活性,毒力大小顺序依次为:黄花碱(90 74%)、野靛碱(83 61%)、脱氢苦豆碱(79 63%)、乙酰埃克辛碱(50 00%)、草乌素(48 14%)、苦参碱(41 71%)、槐定碱(40 74%)、氧化苦参碱(38 07%)、脱氧乙酰乌头碱(36 78%)、查斯漫宁(35 49%)和苦豆碱(27 14%)。其中分离自批针叶黄花的黄华碱以及分离自苦豆草的野靛碱和脱氢苦豆碱对韭蛆的杀虫活性明显高于其他8种化合物,24h测定结果,对韭蛆的致死中浓度为:黄华碱243 99mg/L、野靛碱316 20mg/L、脱氢苦豆碱404 38mg/L。本文还以乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的酶法筛选为例,对新型杀虫机理天然产物筛选方法进行了初步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 17 kinds of botanical secondary metabolites,which had insecticidal activities on different insects reported, were collected in this test. Their insecticidal activities against larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga Yan et Zhang were measured by residual films method under laboratory condition. The results indicated that 11 kinds of compounds had insecticidal activities. Under the dosage of 1000mg/L, the sequence of their toxicity was thermopsine(9074%),cytisine(8361%),dehydroaloperine (7963%),acetylexcelsine(5000%),lindleyin (4814%),matrine(4171%),sophoradine(4074%),oxymatrine(3807%),deoxyacetylconitine(3678%),chasmanine(3549%) and aloperine(2714%). Among 11 kinds of compounds, thermopsine from Sophora alopecuroides L., cytisine and dehydroaloperine from Themopsis lanceolata R had higher activity than othersAfter treatment for 24h, the median lethal concentrations of thermopsine, cytisine and dehydroaloperine were 24339 mg/L, 31620mg/L and 40438mg/L, respectively. Screening method of the natural products with insecticidal activity was preliminarily approached in this paper.更多还原