【摘要】 专业化生产由于减少产品数目的范围或生产过程的职能环节 (操作 ) ,而提高了劳动生产率 ,并且具有规模经济性。因而 ,专业化生产可以获得内在经济性。但是 ,随着专业化程度提高 ,交易中的内生和外生交易费用也会随之大大增加。为了揭示专业化分工中这种两难冲突的协调机制 ,必须探讨市场价格制度和各种中间组织形式对降低内生交易费用的意义更多还原

【Abstract】 Specialized production can improve productivity by reducing the range of products and process functions, and possesses scale economy. Therefore, the marginal (or average) labor cost is decreasing due to higher level of specialization and scale economy. However, on the other hand, producers will face much more transaction costs, risk and uncertainty through exchange with others. since they exert more demand on other essential materials, service and more rely on the external market of products or factors. When the marginal return is greater than the marginal cost of transactions brought up by specialization, a decision-maker will choose specialized production form, otherwise, he should give up. There are various forms of organization that coordinate specialized production, such as market, firm or hierachy, and the intermediate forms between them. Our research will focus on market and the intermediate forms of the above coordinating forms.更多还原