【摘要】 目的了解厦门农村饮用水水质卫生状况,为改善水质、保障人体健康提供科学依据。方法在厦门农村按比例随机抽样调查井位、检测水质,开展水性疾病研究。结果厦门农村普遍饮用浅层井水。由于受地表污染,井水中细菌总数、大肠菌群超标严重,超标率分别为61.6%和85.1%。部分村镇水中氟含量偏高(最高值达1.6mg/L),较多的村镇水中碘含量偏低(井水、泉水、自来水碘含量分别为11.10、2.50、4.45μg/L,不合格率分别在48.3%、90.0%、58.1%)。高氟地区学龄儿童氟斑牙患病率达70%,低碘地区地方性甲状腺肿患病率20.9%。结论厦门农村饮用水以生物污染为主,部分水体缺碘,因此,改善水井周围卫生环境、修缮井壁、选用深层水、微量元素偏移的村庄应尽量修建市政管网自来水、消除水性疾病乃是厦门农村卫生工作当务之急。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the hygienic quality of drinking water in rural areas of Xiamen and to provide scientific bases for the improvement of drinking water quality and protection of human health.Methods The well water samples were sampled randomly according to the proportion and the water quality was analysed and the incidences of water-borne diseases were investigated in Xiamen rural areas.Results Water sources for drinking water in most parts of Xiamen rural areas are shallow-layer ground-water.As being polluted by surface ranoff water,the indices of total bacte-rial count and coliform bacteria in the well water were heavily over the standard with the over standard rates61.6%and85.1%respectively.The contents of fluoride in drinking water were at the higher levels(the highest one was1.6mg /L)in some villages and still there were more villages where the iodine contents in drinking water was at the lower level.The iodine content in well water,spring water and tap water was11.1,2.5and4.45μg /L respectively,in which the unqualified rate was48.3%,90%and58.1%respectively.The incidence of dental fluorosis in school-age children was70%in the high fluoride areas and the incidence of endemic goiter was20.9%in the low iodine areas.Conclu-sion The main hygienic problem of drinking water in rural areas of Xiamen was biological pollution and lower iodine contents and higher fluoride contents in water in some areas.In order to eliminate the water-borne diseases,the most important rural sanitary measures need to be taken:improving the sanitary conditions around the wells,repairing the well wall s and using deep ground-water or drinking water and developing centralized water supply in the areas with unbal-anced health-related microelemeuts in drinking water if possible in some villages.更多还原