【摘要】 综述了近年来聚酰胺(PA)在增韧、增强以及增强增韧等方面的最新研究进展。重点介绍了增韧PA中反应性挤出的方法,指出在弹性体的分子链上接枝小分子,能与PA中的氨基或酰胺基反应生成原位共聚物,使不相容的弹性体与PA间的相容性大为提高,达到增韧目的;聚苯醚和聚砜等性能优异的工程塑料与PA共混,加入适当的增容剂,在增韧的同时,共混物的强度下降较小;在合适的条件下,液晶聚合物(LCP)与PA共混,LCP产生原纤化作用,得到原位聚合物复合材料,具有很高的强度;加入增容剂,能提高PA和LCP的相容性,达到增韧的目的;PA与纳米级的无机填料共混,能得到刚性、强度和韧性综合性能较好的改性PA。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reviewed the latest studies on toughened polyamide (PA), reinforced PA and both toughened and reinforced PA by blending. The reactive extruding method was emphatically introduced. It was pointed out that the compatibility between PA matrix and the dispersed elastomer phase was greatly improved, as a result of grafting small molecules onto the molecular chains in the elastomer and forming a copolymer in situ with amino-group or acrylamino-group, aimed at toughening PA. Blending other engineering plastics such as poly(phenylene oxide) and polysulfone with PA at the presence of an appropriate compatibilizer, raised the toughness of PA while maintained the strength of the blends not to be reduced obviously. Under a given condition, liquid crystal polymer (LCP) exerted an action of fibrillation when it was blended with PA, and in such a case, a kind of polymer composite having pretty high strength formed in situ could be acquired. Adding compatibilizer improved the compatibility between PA and LCP, and therefore toughened the composite thereof. When PA was blended with nano-filler, the stiffness, strength, toughness of the composite could be synergistically improved.更多还原