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青藏高原强对流雷暴云分布特征
Distribution Characteristic of Severe Convective Thunderstorm Cloud over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
【摘要】 利用青藏高原1950—2000年50年5~9月的雷暴天气资料,特别是近20年在青藏高原多次实验观测的地面和高空天气资料及部分雷达回波资料,揭示了青藏铁路沿线强对流雷暴天气分布的变化特征及高原强雷暴云日变化和强雷暴云生命史特点。结果表明,夏季青藏铁路沿线强雷暴天气由北向南增加,多雷暴中心在高原中部的那曲、安多和索县一带,呈东西向,与青藏高原山脉走向一致。雷暴发生次数年均达到90次,5~9月占全年的97%。青藏高原强对流雷暴云中有87%产生霰和强阵性降雨,其中有63%为雨夹雹。高原强雷暴云从5月月均达到10次后逐月增加,6月猛增到20次左右,7月最多月均达到25次以上,8月较多达到20次以上,9月减少到20次。高原雷暴云发生时段主要在15~22时(北京时,下同),由北向南推迟,那曲主要在17~19时,拉萨在21~23时,06~11时基本上没有雷暴。那曲出现强雷暴的峰值时段要比拉萨早6h,出现雷暴相对比例高一倍。高原强雷暴云生命史的持续时间≤1h的达到70%以上,持续时间1~2h的达到20%,而持续时间>2h的不到数总数的10%。那曲强雷暴云持续时间明显比拉萨长,且相对比率高。50年间3个时段雷暴发生次数说明,最近10年青藏铁路沿线出现强对流雷暴频数略有减少。
【Abstract】 Using the thunderstorm data over QinghaiXizang Plateau in summer ( May to September) from 1950 to 2000, especially the surface and upper weather data, radar echo data in field experiment observation over QinghaiXizang Plateau in recent 50 years, the change characteristics of convective thunderstorm distribution along QinghaiXizang Railway, diurnal variation and life cycle of severe thunderstorm over QinghaiXizang Plateau were analyzed. The results show that the severe thunderstorm weather in summer along QinghaiXizang Railway increased from north to south, the annual mean thunderstorm numbers reach 90, and thunderstorm in May~ September accounts for 97% in whole year. The occurring time of thunderstorm over QinghaiXizang Plateau is mainly at 15:00~22:00 (BLT) and decaying from north to south. The maintain of life cycle of severe convective thunderstorm activity over QinghaiXizang Plateau with ≤1 h makes up over 70% , that of 1~2 h 20%, and 2 h less than 10%.
【Key words】 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Qinghai-Xizang Railway; Characteristics of thunderstorm activity and distribution;
- 【文献出处】 高原气象 ,Plateau Meteorology , 编辑部邮箱 ,2003年06期
- 【分类号】P446
- 【被引频次】79
- 【下载频次】482