【摘要】 以三工河流域为例 ,讨论了荒漠绿洲植被变化与景观格局的耦合关系。结果表明 :( 1)荒漠绿洲景观格局最明显的特征是植被变化 ,其通过地貌、水资源利用、河流廊道或排碱渠等景观要素的变化对植被产生影响 ;随着景观格局的变化 ,流域内的植丛高度、盖度及生物量均表现出较大变异性。 ( 2 )以河流廊道为核心 ,通常荒漠绿洲景观格局呈带状分布且由内向外 ,随水热条件的改变 ,植被类型由乔灌木林依次向灌丛草甸、盐化草甸、荒漠化草甸和荒漠层次结构过渡。 ( 3)人类活动影响强烈的景观要素 ,其缀块多样性、破碎度、分离度和缀块密度等指数的值较高 ,而人类活动影响较小的 ,其优势度和均匀度较高。 ( 4 )各景观要素的稳定性不同 ,通常自然缀块的稳定性高于人工缀块 ,其排序为 :荒漠 >砾石地、沙地 >城镇工矿用地 >水体 >灌溉水田 >牧草地 >菜地 >林地 >农村居民点 >盐碱地 >荒草地 >水浇地 >果园。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between the change of landscape pattern of desert oasis and the dynamics of vegetation were discussed by using the mechanism of landscape in this paper. Taking Sangong River Basin as a typical research area and, the paper has studied the evolution of the landscape pattern of desert oasis. After analyzed the different parameters of landscape pattern, some results were put forward as follows:(1)The main characteristics of landscape pattern is the dynamics of vegetation. It has impact on the vegetation by the changes of topography, water resources using, corridor of river and drainage channel. It was shown the great variability for the height, cover and biomass of vegetation with the change of landscape pattern. (2)Taking the corridor of river as the center, it usually shown a zone distribution from inside to outside for the desert oasis landscape pattern. And the vegetation types evaluated from the tree shrub mixed forest, thicket meadow, salinized meadow to desert with the change of the condition of water and heat in the basin.(3)The stability of natural patch is higher than which disturbed by mankind or manmade patch. Usually, the arrange in stability of each patch is: desert>sandy land>urban>pond>paddy field>grass land>vegetable plot>woodland>residential area>saline alkali land>wasteland>farming land>orchard, apparently.(4)The landscape pattern of desert oasis in the research area was developed by human activities based on natural oasis, each patch has some different landscape indexes. For the heavy impact on the landscape factors by human activities, which have high values for the indexes of diversity, fragmentation, separation and density, respectively. But for the light impact on the landscape types by human activities, which have high values for the indexes of dominance and evenness.更多还原