【摘要】 本文介绍了2 37Np、2 38Pu、2 4 1Am和90 Sr在包气带黄土、含水层和工程屏障材料 (膨润土、水泥、变质水泥、水泥砂浆粉 )中迁移行为的野外试验的方法和结果。在包气带黄土和工程屏障材料中的迁移试验是在天然和喷淋 ( 1 5mm/d)两种条件下进行的 ,含水层迁移试验包括核素在用未扰动含水介质填装的组件试验与核素在未扰动含水介质中的示踪试验。经过 3年试验 ,核素在天然条件下的包气带黄土中以及无论在天然还是喷淋条件下的工程屏障材料中 ,示踪剂未见明显迁移 (即未迁移出示踪源层外 ) ;在喷淋条件下 ,在包气带黄土中通过石英砂示踪源层90 Sr(质心 )向下迁移 2 .7cm ,通过示踪源层外边缘上的黄土向下迁移 1 3cm(峰位 ) ;2 37Np、2 38Pu、2 4 1Am未见明显迁移。发现石英砂做示踪剂载体对黄土非饱和水有屏流作用 ,影响核素迁移 ,以石英砂和黄土做载体的对比实验证实了这一点。90 Sr、2 37Np、2 38Pu和2 4 1Am在未扰动含水层介质示踪试验中经 1 0 2 3d未见明显迁移 ,仍在示踪源点。含水层组件试验中2 38Pu和2 4 1Am未见明显迁移 ,在组件 8(面源 )中 ,2 37Np向后迁移 0 .95cm ,90 Sr(质心 )迁移 4.7cm。试验结果还表明 ,核素在变质水泥和普通水泥中迁移 ( 3年 )规律未见明显差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduces the field migration tests of 237 Np, 238 Pu, 241 Am and 90 Sr in aerated loess, aquifer and engineering barrier materials. The tests in the aerated loess and engineering barrier materials were carried out under both natural and artificial sprinkling (15 mm/d) conditions. The tests in aquifer were carried out in both assemblies packed with undisturbed aquifer media and a definite undisturbed area. The results indicate that after 3 years tests no significant migrations were seen for all nuclides in engineering barrier materials under two kinds of conditions and in aerated loess under natural conditions. For the aerated loess under artificial sprinkling conditions, 2.7 cm (center of mass) migration in the area directly below the sand tracer layer (named as area 1) and 13 cm (peak) migration in the area outside the area 1 for 90 Sr were observed; There was no migration for 237 Np, 238 Pu and 241 Am. It was discovered that the sand layer used as carrier of nuclide tracer has barrier effect on unsaturated water and an influence on nuclide migration. This has been demonstrated by the inter comparison experiment with both sand and loess as tracer carrier. In the trace tests of undisturbed aquifer area there was no significant migration of 237 Np, 238 Pu, 241 Am and 90 Sr after 1 023 days. In the assembly 8 there was no significant migration for 238 Pu and 241 Am and a small backward migration 0.95 cm for 237 Np and 4.7 cm migration (center of mass) for 90 Sr were observed. The tests also indicate that there is no significant difference of nuclide migration in ordinary and degraded cement.更多还原