【摘要】 采用水热法,通过改变矿化剂浓度和温度合成了具有不同形态的氧化锌晶体。在较低的温度(350℃),填充度为35%,矿化剂KOH浓度小于2mol/L时,只合成了氧化锌微晶。当矿化剂KOH浓度大于3mol/L时,合成出多种形态氧化锌晶体,大的晶体达到几十到几百微米,小晶体仅几微米。当矿化剂KOH浓度从4mol/L增加到5mol/L时,晶体的大小没有明显改变。在高矿化剂条件下合成的晶体显露完整的晶面结构,主要显露柱面m{1010}、锥面p{1011}、负极面O面{0001},有时也显露Zn面{0001}。晶体表面出现斑坑,显示出晶体的表面缺陷。在430℃,填充度为35%,矿化剂KOH浓度大于1 5mol/L时,合成了多种形态氧化锌晶体,大晶体有几十到几百微米,小晶体仅几微米。当矿化剂KOH浓度为2mol/L,KBr浓度为1mol/L时,最大晶体的长度达到1mm。矿化剂KOH浓度为4mol/L时,晶体没有增大。粒度较大的氧化锌晶体形状多为六棱锥体,显露柱面m{1010}、锥面p{1011}、负极面O面{0001}。晶体表面光滑,完整性好,质量高于350℃时合成的晶体。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper many different shapes of ZnO crystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method when different mineralizer concentration and different temperature were used. When mineralizer concentration was less than 2mol/L KOH and the fill factor was approximately 35% at 350℃, only micro crystal ZnO was synthesized with size of several micron. When mineralizer concentration was more than 3mol/L KOH and the fill factor was approximately 35% at 350℃, many shapes of ZnO crystals were synthesized with many different size, the size of maximal crystal is from several decade micron to two hundred micron, the smallsize crystal is only several micron. When mineralizer concentration was respectively 4mol/L, 5mol/L KOH, no bigger ZnO crystals were synthesized. The complete faces of ZnO crystal are exposed when high mineralizer concentration is used at 350℃, they are hexagonal faces m｛1010｝, hexagonal cone faces p｛0111｝, negative polar faces ｛0001｝ and sometimes positive faces ｛0001｝. Sometimes many holes are observed on the faces of ZnO crystals, which shows bad completeness of crystal. When temperature was at 430℃ and mineralizer concentration was 2mol/L KOH, the bigger ZnO crystals were synthesized, the size of maximal crystal is several hundred micron, the smallsize crystal is only several micron. When mixture of 2mol/L KOH and 1mol/L KBr was used as mineralizer at 430℃, the size of maximal crystal is 1mm. When mineralizer concentration was 4mol/L KOH the size of crystals doesn’t get bigger. The exposed faces of bigger crystal synthesized at 430℃ are hexagonal faces m｛1010｝, hexagonal cone faces p｛1011｝, negative polar faces ｛0001｝, the shapes of crystal are hexagonal cone, the faces of ZnO crystals are smooth, complete and the quality of crystals is higher than that of crystals synthesized at 350℃.更多还原