【摘要】 本文在掌握各国私有化特点的基础上,对私有化的模式进行多层次的划分、比较和论述。在第一层次,按私有化手段划分为证券私有化(大众私有化)模式和货币私有化模式,按私有化进展划分为大规模私有化模式和个案私有化模式,按私有化方式划分为各种不同私有化模式,按私有化结果划分为内部人控制模式和外部人多数股权模式。在第二层次,把证券私有化在各国的采用情况分为三类:作为主要方式,采用而未作主要方式,根本没有采用;把证券私有化在各国的具体做法也分为三类:给企业职工优惠较大,给企业职工优惠较小而重视发挥投资基金的作用,介于前两者之间。货币私有化模式的难点是快速私有化与缺乏原始资本的矛盾,各国依据本国国情、针对这一矛盾而形成了不同的做法:优惠出售,国有股份抵押贷款和债转股,向外国人出售,典型货币私有化。这使不同国家私有化的不同结果得到了有说服力的解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of grasping thespecial features of privatization in various countries, the article makes a multi -level division, comparison and exposition of the privatization models. On the first level, by the means adopted in privatization, it divides privatization into the models of securities privatization (or mass privatization) and monetary privatization. In terms of progress, it divides privation into the models of large-scale privatization and case by case privatization. In terms of forms, it divides privatization into different models of privatization. And in terms of results, it divides privatization into the models of insider control and outsider majority equities.On the second level, the article divides the adoption of securities privatization in various countries into three categories. One was adoption as the main form, another was adoption not as the main form and still another no adoption at all. The article also divides the concrete practices in securities in various countries into three categories. One was more benefit to enterprise workers and staff. Another was less benefit to the enterprise workers and staff and greater attention to the role of investment funds. The third was a balancing between the two. The difficulty in monetary privatization model lies in the contradiction between rapid privatization and primitive capital shortages. Different methods e-volve out of this contradiction in different countries according to their national conditions: Selling in preferential terms; loans mortgaged by state-owned stocks and debts converted into stocks, selling to foreigners, and typical monetary privatization. This will give a convincing interpretation of the different results of privatization in different countries.更多还原