【摘要】 俄罗斯的多党政治从 1 990年 3月开始实行 ,至今经历了三个阶段。其起步阶段的特点是 :各派政党纷纷创建 ,分化组合异常频繁 ,政党政治尚未步入正轨 ,违法和违规现象十分严重。 1 993年宪法通过后 ,进入形成和运行阶段 ,其特点是 :各派政党的活动逐步走上宪法轨道 ,多党政治基本形成并开始运行 ,但政党格局变化较大 ,政党地位并不算高 ,政党政治尚不成熟。普京主政后 ,着手进行政党改革 ,俄多党政治进入整顿和提高阶段。在讨论、通过和颁布《政党法》的过程中 ,中派组织实行大联合 ,右派组织升格为政党 ,左派内部则矛盾加深 ,俄共出现分裂危险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Started in March 1990, Russian multiparty politics has undergone three stages.The characteristics of the initial stage were the creation of various political parties , great frequency of divisions and combinations, worsening law and regulation breaches and violations as party politics remained unripe. After the adoption of the constitution in 1993,the stage of constitution formation and operation ushered in. The special features were that all political party activities embarked on the constitutional road, multi-party politics basically took shape and began to operate, but political party patterns were highly changeable. The status of political parties was low and party politics remained unripe. After coming to power, Putin began to reform political parties and Russia entered into the stage of consolidation and improvement.In the course of discussing, adopting and promulgating the Political Party Law, the middle organizations aligned themselves; the rightist groups emerged as political parties; the left group was more divided within and the Russian Communist Party was in danger of a split.更多还原