【摘要】 由于中国西部水文循环的地区特性、生态系统的脆弱性和社会经济发展对水资源需求的增加,使得中国西部开发面临十分现实和严峻的水资源问题。从中国西部流域水循环的特点及存在的问题出发,探讨了中国西部流域水循环研究基础科学问题。同时,对21世纪中国西部流域水循环科学问题的研究进行了展望。核心的方面是:自然变化和人类活动影响的西北干旱地区水资源演变规律是什么?在西部生态环境建设中如何估算生态需水量?西北干旱地区的水资源究竟能够承载多大规模的社会经济发展需求?如何合理分配与调控水资源,最大限度地发挥其潜力,促进该地区社会经济的可持续发展?更多还原

【Abstract】 The Western China Development is confronted with a quite serious and realistic problem on water resources because of the water cycle’s district characteristics, the ecosystem’s vulnerability and the increasing demand of water resources. Based on the traits and existent problem of water cycle in western China, the key scientific issues of water cycle in western China has been addressed in this paper. Meanwhile, the prospect of water cycle study in the 21st century is also been discussed. The key issues are as follows: In the northwest arid area of China, what are the evolution rules of water resources which are affected by the nature change and human activity? How much ecodemanded water should be distributed on the stand of the national macro stratagem in order to keep the balance of northwest area’s ecosystem which is vulnerable in the conflict between nature and human beings? How large is the social economy scale, which can be supported by regional water resources? How to reasonably distribute and manage the water resources to maximum exert its potential capability to boost the sustainable development of this area. 更多还原