【摘要】 用ZrO2(掺杂摩尔分数为8%的Y2O3),按照一定的烧结制度得到的小管为固体电解质,分别以已知平衡水蒸气压的H2C2O4和H2C2O4·2H2O的混合物及Na2SO4和Na2SO4·10H2O的混合物为参比电极,同时根据物理化学原理,水溶剂中加非挥发性溶质可以得到不同的水蒸气分压,以纯水和不同浓度的KOH溶液为待测电极,构成水蒸气浓差电池,在0～35℃和8～23℃的范围内,分别对上述两类水蒸气电池做敏感性实验的研究·实验发现,如果以pH2O(Ⅰ)、pH2O(Ⅱ)分别表示待测极和参比极水蒸气压,电池电动势E同lg(pH2O(Ⅰ)/pH2O(Ⅱ))呈现较有规律的变化,即电池的电动势随温度的升高而变小;在温度恒定的情况下,电池的电动势E随pH2O(Ⅰ)的增大而增大;电池的电动势E同lg(pH2O(Ⅰ)/pH2O(Ⅱ))具有良好的线性关系·更多还原

【Abstract】 A steam sensor composed of concentration cells has been developed using a small tube made from ZrO2 mixed with Y2O3, which was sintered to form solid electrolyte according to a certain regime. The reference electrode used was made from H2C2O4 mixed with H2C2O4·2H2O or Na2SO4 mixed with Na2SO4·10H2O, of which either equilibrium steam pressure was given by a physicchemical principle. It is revealed different partial pressures of steam can be obtained if adding some nonvolatile solutes into solvent. So, the other electrode for measurement was made from pure water or KOH solution of different concentrations, thus forming concentration cells for steam. Sensitivity experiments have been done separately for the cells as above in the ranges from 0 to 35?℃ and from 8 to 23?℃. The results revealed that the EMF of cells, E, changes regularly with lg(pH2O(Ⅰ)/pH2O(Ⅱ)) where pH2O(Ⅰ) and pH2O(Ⅱ) are the partial pressure of steam at the electrode for measurement and at reference electrode, respectively, i.e., E decreases with increasing temperature and E increases with increasing pH2O(Ⅰ) at constant temperature. A fit linear relationship is found between E and lg(pH2O(Ⅰ)/pH2O(Ⅱ)).更多还原