【摘要】 本研究对反刍家畜采食量的研究发展与现状进行了回顾与总结,采食量及其相关术语的定义主要基于饲草料或家畜,其测定方法和精确含义有差异;反刍家畜采食是由生物和非生物因素相互作用共同影响的复杂动态过程,采食量影响因子主要分为家畜的(胃肠蠕动力、选择性采食等)、饲草料的(粗纤维含量、抗营养成分等)和饲养条件的(草层结构、草地饮水点分布等)因素3个方面;采食量的测定方法有基于牧草测定的直接法和基于家畜测定的间接法,后者较多地应用于放牧家畜;预测方法有基于数学函数和生物学原理的模型法,基于消化试验的经验法和结合家畜属性的改进经验法。舍饲条件下可准确地测定和预测家畜的采食量,但对放牧家畜还没有精确的方法。通过测定与饲草水平密切相关的家畜尿液、血液或粪便中的代谢物水平将成为预测放牧家畜采食量的准确方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming to provide a scientific basis for applying concepts and methods to feed intake determination of ruminants, the progress and current status of feed intake research was reviewed and summarized. Feed intake and related terms are mostly defined based on looking at fodder or domestic animals. These determination methods fail to give precise definitions. The complicated and dynamic process of feed intake is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors and can be classified into three main areas: feedrelated variables such as the fibre content and antinutritive components in the feed, animalrelated variables such as peristalsis and selective eating behaviour, and feedingrelated variables such as sward structure and distribution of drinking water supply in the grazing situation. Feed intake measurements may be made based directly on changes in fodder attributes or may be based on animal attributes. Different approaches to predicting feed intake of ruminants include mathematical function and biological principle based models, digestion based empirical approaches, and combined animal attribute improvement empirical approaches. The feed intake of housed animals can be accurately determined and predicted, but there are still no accurate methods for grazing animals. Predicting grazing animal feed intake will be accurately determined by measuring metabolin levels in blood, urine or faeces, which are closely related to forage grass. 更多还原