【摘要】 利用差热（扫描）分析、X射线、透射电镜、振动作品磁强计研究了添加Co、Dy对Fe₃B/Nd₂Fe₁₄B纳米复合永磁材料的微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:添加适当的微量元素可以提高Nd_4.5Fe₇₇B_18.5纳米复合永磁材料的内禀磁性,改进微结构,从而提高材料的永磁性能。在Nd_4.5Fe₇₇B_18.5中添加1％～3％（原子分数）的Co、Dy明显地降低材料的晶化温度和最佳热处理温度、提高了2:14:1相的居里温度、改善了纳米复合永磁材料的微观结构,从而提高材料的永磁性能与Nd_4.5Fe₇₇B_18.5相比,Nd_3.5Fe₇₄Co₃Dy₁B_18.5的永磁性能为:Br=1.06T,_jH_c=328kA/m,（BH）_max=108.9kJ/m³,分别提高了26％,17％和104％。更多还原

【Abstract】 The influences of the addition of trace elements Co, Dy in nanocomposite Fe3B / Nd2Fe14B permanent magnetic material on the crystallization temperature, Curie temperature, optimum annealing process, microstructure and hard magnetic properties were studied by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). The experimental results showed that it is difficult to get the nanocomposite material with high hard magnetic properties for three-element alloy Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 and the addition of trace elements can enhance the intrinsic properties, improve the microstructure and increase the hard magnetic properties of nanocomposite material. The 1%-3% addition of Co, Dy in Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 obviously decreases the crystallization temperature and the optimum annealing temperature, increases the Curie temperature of 2 : 14 : 1 phase, improves the microstructure and enhances the hard magnetic properties. The hard magnetic properties of Nd3.5Fe77Co3 Dy1B18.5 nanocomposite are as follows: Br=1.06 T, jHc=328 kA/m, (BH)max=108.9 kJ/m3, which are 0.22 T(26%), 48 kA/m (17%) and 55.6 kJ/m3 (104%) higher than that of Nd4.5Fe77B18.5, respectively.更多还原