【摘要】 综述了近年来弛豫铁电单晶和织构陶瓷的制备及其介电、压电性能的研究进展。弛豫铁电单晶的制备方法主要有高温溶液法、布里奇曼法和固态再结晶法,尺寸可达40mm以上,（001）切片压电常数d₃₃最大可达3000pC/N,k₃达到0.93,但是成分不均匀仍是影响晶体压电性能的一个主要因素。织构陶瓷的制备方法主要为固态再结晶法（TGG法和RTGG法）,其耗时短、成本低,压电性能可达到单晶的60％～80％,介电常数甚至可以超过部分单晶,是一个新的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Preparation and electrical properties of the relaxor ferroelectric crystals and textured Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMNT) ceramics are reviewed. Most of the single crystals are prepared by high-temperature solution growth, Bridgman method or solid recrystallization method. The properties depend on the single crystals’ directions very strongly, and (001) sliced crystals have the best piezoelectric properties. Now the single crystals with size of more than 40mm have been reported. But misdistribution of components is main factor to affect the piezoelectric properties of materials. However, [001 ] -textured PMNT ceramics have showed excellent piezoelectric properties, which can be prepared by TGG (or RTGG) method. The preparation of this kind of the ceramics requires low cost and less time, whose piezoelectric constant d33 can obtain 60%-80% that of the single crystal. Moreover, the dielectric permittivity of textured PMNT ceramics is relatively higher than that of the single crystals prepared by solid recrystallization method. Therefore, the preparation of grain oriented textured ceramics shows high promising trend in application.更多还原