【摘要】 1993～1994年在北京对六个冬小麦品种（系）籽粒发育程度及不同发育程度籽粒的发芽力、活力进行了研究。从花后5天（5DAA）开始每3天取样一次，测定籽粒的干重，观察了其中两种材料发有早期籽粒种胚的器官分化，对各发育程度种子进行了标准发芽测定及田间幼苗活力鉴定。结果表明：籽粒干重随发育不断增加，生理成熟后又有所下降（0．4％～5.4％）。SDAA种子胚处于胚阶段，8DAA种胶刚开始器官分化，11DAA种胚分化出了主胚根、胚芽勒、第一真叶及子叶，14DAA种胚分化出了第二真叶、一对侧胚根和外胚叶。5DAA种子即具有一定的发芽力（54％）和田间出苗力（39％），20DAA种子的发芽力及23DAA种子苗的分蘖力可达到成勤种子的水平；种子的活力水平随发育不断增高，生理成熟后3～6天种子的活力水平高于生理成熟的种子。14DAA种子的田间出苗率（92％）与生理成熟种子（95％）相近，该发育程度的籽粒可以用于育种加代及作种用。不同品种（系）在发芽力及活力方面存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development and differentiation of etiibryoes,and the germination ability and the vigor of wheat seeds collected From various developing stages were studied. Six genotypes of winter wheat were evaluated from 1993 to1994 in Beijing, China Agricultural University. Drv weight of seed was obtained f@oni samples harvested at threeday intervals from 5 to 39 davs after anthesis(DAA). The early developing process of seed embryos (5-14 DAA)of two genotypes were observed. Seed germination ability and vigor were measured beginning at 5 DAA using thestandard germination test and by planting in field respectively.Dry weight of seed increased continually before PM and decreased little after PM (0.4% - 5.4% ). Tlie embryolum, coleoptileancifirst leave were differentiated on 1 1 DAA’S. Furthermore, second leave, first pair of branch embryonic roots and epiblast emerged on 14 DAA’s.The germination percentage and the rate of field emergence of 5 DAA seeds were 54% and 39% respectively;The germination ability of 20 DAA seeds and the tilleritig ability of 23 DAA’s coincided with that of seeds collectedat PM. Level of seed vigor increased progressively until moisture concentration of seed reaching 12. 3% when was 3-6 days after PM (average over six genotypes). However, the rate of emergence of 14 DAA’s seeds (92%) wasalmost Teaching that of the seeds collected at PM (95% ) and the seedlings of 14 DAA could safely pass the coldwinter in Beijing. The data suggest that seed harvested at 14 DAA may be used for breeding programmes or agricultural produtioii. The materials used in this study present difference in germination ability and vigor due to different genotype.更多还原