【摘要】 环境恢复费用是衡量环境污染与防治以及可持续发展程度的重要指标。在水环境恢复费用核算的基础上，建立了胁迫指数、危害指数、风险指数等一系列指标来描述我国水污染的空间分布规律及其与经济发展的关系。结果表明，由于人口、产业结构及规模的不同，我国各地区水污染造成的胁迫具有显著的空间分异，而危害指数的空间变异则相对较小。１９９３年，我国年水环境恢复费用达１３２亿元，占同年国内生产总值的０．４１％。在水污染风险分析的基础上，对污染与经济发展的关系进行了探讨，揭示了描述这一关系的“双尾曲线”。并根据水污染风险及排放系数的大小，对各地区发展的可持续性进行了分类。更多还原

【Abstract】 CostofRemediation (COR) is an important indicator to measure the degree of environmental pollution,prevention and treatment and the sustainable development. Based on the estimation of water COR, stress index, hazard index and risk index are established to describe the spatial distribution of water pollution and its relation with economic development in China. The results indicate that there is significant spatial differentiation of the stress caused by the water pollution among different areas in China;while the spatial variance of hazard index is relatively weak. Presently, the annual water COR has reached 13.2 billion RMB Yuan, about 0.41% of the annual GDP. The relationship between water pollution and economic development described by a "doubletails curve"is also discussed on the basis of risk index. Finally, the classification of development sustainability based on the risk index and emission factor is given for different areas.更多还原